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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A young person presents with acute pleuritic pain, tachypnea, dyspnea and tachycardia following a late night altercation.A chest x ray (CXR) and physical exam are performed. Auscultation of the lungs indicates hyper-resonance on the right hemi-thorax.What is a possible diagnosis? |
Pneumothorax |
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Describe the anatomy of the pleura, including the names of its surfaces and their special features. |
Parietal: • Cervical • Costal • Diaphragmatic • Mediastinal recesses Visceral: • Reflexions into fissures • Hilum |
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Explain how the pathogenesis of this condition is life threatening |
Occurs from trauma to thorax or when respiratory structures puncture, → ↑↑↑ in pleural space pressure → resulting in compression and partial collapse of the unaffected lung → mediastinal shift → compression of the vena cava → ↓↓ venous return to heart or → Vasovagal shock → heart failure. |
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Differentiate this possible diagnosis with obstructive atelectasis with regard to the position of the mediastinum and its relationship to the affected lung. |
Secondary atelectasis due to obstruction results in a small portion or whole lung being involved → ↑ absorption of air and collapse of that portion of the lung → mediastinal shift toward the affected side Atelectasis due to compression → usually seen with pleural cavity being filled with fluid → mediastinal shift away from affected side. |
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describe the radiographic appearances of atelectasis on CXR |
- shift of mediastinum - elevation of diaphragm - movement of fissures - movement of hilum - alterations in proporation of lungs - hemithorax asymmetry |
