Career Step - Muscular System

Front 1

origin

Back 1

The less movable attachment of a muscle.

Front 2

insertion

Back 2

The more movable attachment of a muscle.

Front 3

direct (fleshy) attachments

Back 3

Short strands of connective tissue that make muscles appear as if they are directly connected to the bone.

Front 4

indirect attachments

Back 4

Long strands of connective tissue extending beyond the muscle.

Front 5

tendon

Back 5

A rope-like structure that binds muscles to bone.

Front 6

A rope-like structure that binds muscles to bone.

Back 6

A flat tissue sheet that connects muscle to bone.

Front 7

Name the 6 Major location sites Smooth Muscle is found

Back 7

walls of the circulatory vessels
digestive tubes
urinary organs
reproductive organs
respiratory tubes
inside the eye

Front 8

CNS Stand for

Back 8

Central Nervous System

Front 9

Define Anatomical Postion

Back 9

human body in a fixed or standard position. The anatomical position refers to the human body as erect (standing), facing forward with eyes straight ahead, arms at the sides with palms open and facing forward, and feet parallel and flat on the floor.

Front 10

anterior

Back 10

Situated in front of or toward the front of a body part or organ. This term is also used in reference to a ventral or belly surface of the body. Frontal is a common synonym for anterior.

Front 11

coronal

Back 11

Division of the body into anterior and posterior sections. Also called frontal plane. Can mean pertaining to the head or the crown.

Front 12

distal

Back 12

Remote; farther from any point of reference; opposite of proximal. (The shoulder is distal to the wrist but proximal to the elbow.)

Front 13

dorsal

Back 13

Pertaining to the back of the body; also used to denote a position that is more toward the back than another object of reference. Sometimes called posterior.

Front 14

inferior

Back 14

Situated below a structure or directed downward; also used to denote the lower portion of an organ or the lower of two structures. Sometimes called caudal.

Front 15

lateral

Back 15

Pertaining to the side; denoting a position farther from the midline (median plane) of a structure.

Front 16

medial

Back 16

Pertaining to the middle; closer to the midline of a body; pertaining to the middle layer.

Front 17

posterior

Back 17

Situated in the back; also used in reference to the back or dorsal surface of the body.

Front 18

proximal

Back 18

Nearest; closer to any point of reference; opposite of distal. (The shoulder is distal to the wrist but proximal to the elbow.)

Front 19

sagittal

Back 19

Division of body into left and right sides in a vertical lengthwise fashion.

Front 20

transverse

Back 20

A horizontal plane situated at right angles to the long axis, or sagittal and coronal planes; placed crosswise.

Front 21

ventral

Back 21

Pertaining to the abdomen; also used to denote a position that is more toward the belly surface than some other object of reference.

Front 22

Back 22

Front 23

occipitalis

Back 23

The occipitalis muscle covers the occipital region of the skull.

Front 24

splenius capitis

Back 24

This muscle extends from the upper three cervical vertebrae all the way to the temporal and occipital bones. It extends and rotates the head.

Front 25

lateral pterygoid

Back 25

This is a muscle of mastication. It originates on the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. It moves the mandible and limits sideways jaw movement.

Front 26

medial pterygoid

Back 26

Also a muscle of mastication. Both pterygoid muscles are on the inside of the mandible. The medial pterygoid elevates the jaw and provides sideways jaw movement.

Front 27

risorius

Back 27

The risorius originates on the side of the face and inserts on the orbicularis oris muscle. It draws the angle of the mouth laterally (to the side) and enables the human being to smile.

Front 28

mentalis

Back 28

The mentalis muscle originates on the chin and goes into the orbicularis oris muscle. It elevates and protrudes the lower lip. Basically it allows for pouting.

Front 29

depressor labii inferioris

Back 29

This muscle also originates on the mandible and inserts on to the orbicularis muscle. It depresses the bottom lip.
(Names: depressor=depress, labii=lips, inferioris=below or bottom)

Front 30

depressor anguli oris

Back 30

This muscle originates on the lower part of the mandible. It pulls down the angle of the mouth.
(Names: depressor=depress, anguli=angle, oris=mouth)

Front 31

Back 31

Front 32

Back 32

Front 33

Back 33

Front 34

Back 34

Front 35

Back 35

Front 36

anconeus

Back 36

Located on the back of the humerus, it extends the forearm.

Front 37

extensor digiti minimi

Back 37

A long narrow muscle located on the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis muscle. It assists in extension of the wrist and little finger.

Front 38

extensor digitorum communis

Back 38

Positioned in the center of the forearm along the posterior surface. Its tendon divides into four tendons beneath the extensor retinaculum, which attach to the distal tips of fingers one through four.

Front 39

flexor digitorum profundus

Back 39

Lies just underneath the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. This muscle flexes the distal ends of the fingers (but not the thumb).

Front 40

pronator teres

Back 40

Positioned in upper middle part of the forearm. It arises from the epicondyle (a prominence or projection on a bone). It turns the hand downwards (called pronation) and flexes the elbow.

Front 41

epicondyle

Back 41

A prominence or projection on a bone.

Front 42

pronator quadratus

Back 42

Positioned deep and extends between the ulna and radius. It works with the other pronator muscle to rotate the palm of the hand down, as well as position the thumb medially.

Front 43

supinator

Back 43

Positioned around the upper portion of the radius. It works with the biceps to turn the palm upwards (called supination).

Front 44

flexor pollicis longus

Back 44

Positioned deep on the front of the radius. It attaches at the base of the thumb and flexes the thumb and makes grasping possible.

Front 45

Back 45

Front 46

Back 46

Front 47

Back 47

Front 48

atony

Back 48

Lack of normal tone or strength. This happens in muscles that are deprived of innervation (which is the supply of nerve fibers functionally connected with a part). Try not to confuse this term with atrophy (below) or atopy (which is a genetic predisposition towards hypersensitivity to common environmental antigens).

Front 49

atrophy

Back 49

The wasting away or weakening of muscle fibers due to a lack of usage. There are many different kinds of atrophy. Look up “atrophy” in a medical dictionary and read or scan the terms that appear under this category.

Front 50

bursitis

Back 50

Inflammation of a bursa.

Front 51

charley horse

Back 51

A bruised or torn muscle accompanied by cramps and severe pain. This particular injury most commonly affects the quadriceps muscle. Lay people refer to any muscle spasm of the legs or feet as a charley horse.

Front 52

bursa

Back 52

A sac-like cavity filled with synovial fluid and located in places where tendons or muscles pass over bony prominences.

Front 53

cramp

Back 53

A sustained spasm or contraction of a muscle accompanied by severe, localized pain.

Front 54

dystonia

Back 54

Sustained abnormal postures or disruptions of normal movement resulting from alterations of muscle tone.

Front 55

Dupuytren contracture

Back 55

Painless thickening and contracture of the palmar fascia due to fibrous proliferation, resulting in loss of function of the fingers.

Front 56

fasciculations

Back 56

Similar to fibrillations or tremors. A repetitive, involuntary contraction of muscle. The main cause is nerve damage.

Front 57

fibromyalgia

Back 57

A rheumatic disorder characterized by achy pain, tenderness, and stiffness.

Front 58

myofascial pain syndrome

Back 58

Fibromyalgia is also called myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyositis. A group of rheumatic disorders caused by achy pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles and tendon insertions.

Front 59

ganglion

Back 59

A thin-walled band cyst formed on a joint capsule or tendon sheath.

Front 60

leiomyoma

Back 60

A benign tumor of smooth muscle tissue (e.g., the uterus).

Front 61

muscular dystrophy

Back 61

A genetic abnormality of muscle tissue characterized by dysfunction and ultimately deterioration.

Front 62

myalgia

Back 62

Muscle pain.

Front 63

myasthenia gravis

Back 63

A chronic progressive neuromuscular weakness, usually starting with the muscles of the face and throat.

Front 64

.myopathy

Back 64

Any disease of the muscles.

Front 65

myositis ossificans

Back 65

A disease characterized by bony deposits or the ossification of muscle tissue.

Front 66

paralysis

Back 66

The loss of nervous control of a muscle. Paralysis is commonly thought of as related to paraplegia, a paralysis of the legs or quadriplegia, a paralysis of all four limbs. There are many different types of paralysis affecting many different muscles and organs of the body.

Front 67

paraplegia

Back 67

A paralysis of the legs (lower extremities).

Front 68

quadriplegia

Back 68

A paralysis of all four limbs.

Front 69

plantar fasciitis

Back 69

Excessive pulling or stretching of the calcaneal periosteum by the plantar fascia, resulting in pain along the inner border of the plantar fascia. This definition applies specifically to the process that affects the plantar surface of the foot. Fasciitis is inflammation of the fascia.

Front 70

polymyositis

Back 70

An autoimmune disorder which causes atrophy and weakness of the muscles.

Front 71

rigor mortis

Back 71

Rigor means chilled, stiffness, rigidity. Rigor mortis is the muscular hardness occurring 4–7 hours after death.

Front 72

tendinitis

Back 72

Inflammation of tendons and of tendon-muscle attachments due to trauma or repetitive wear. (Note the spelling: tendonitis is an acceptable alternative spelling, but tendinitis is preferred.).

Front 73

tennis elbow

Back 73

Also called lateral and medial epicondylitis. A strain of the lateral forearm muscles or the tendinous attachments near their origin on the epicondyle of the humerus. (Again note that when “tendon” is changed to another form, the “o” changes to “i”—tendinous.)

Front 74

tetanus

Back 74

A disease caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, which produces a toxin that causes muscles to go into tetany (hyperexcitability of nerves and muscles, specifically characterized by muscular cramps and twitching). Jaw muscles are affected first. Lockjaw is the more common name.

Front 75

torticollis

Back 75

Persistent contraction of a sternocleidomastoid muscle, drawing the head to one side and distorting the face. Causes rotation of the head.