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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 3 main things that make up the cardiovascular system? |
arterioles capillaries venules |
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name and describe the 2 circuits blood vessels form in? |
pulmonary- sends oxygen poor blood to lungs to pick up oxygen and unload carbon dioxide
systemic- sends oxygen-rich blood and nutrients to all body cells and removes waste |
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what is the size and location of the heart? |
size- varies with body size; average is 14 cm long and 9 cm wide
location- nestled in between the lungs on the sides, the vertebral column in the back, and the sternum on the front |
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covering that encloses that heart and proximal ends of the large blood vessels it attaches to? |
pericardium |
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outer part of this double membrane? |
parietal pericardium |
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inner part of this double membrane directly on the heart? |
visceral pericardium |
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between the parietal and visceral layers and contains serous fluid to reduce friction |
pericardial cavity |
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outer layer- surrounded by a double-layered membrane |
fibrous pericardium |
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outer layer- protects heart by reducing friction |
epicardium |
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middle layer; thick cardiac muscle that pumps blood out of the heart chambers |
myocardium |
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inner layer; lines all of the heart chambers and covers structures like the heart valves |
endocardium |
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how many chambers are in the heart? |
4- 2 on right and 2 on left |
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what are the upper chambers of the heart called? |
atria |
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what are the lower chambers of the heart called? |
ventricles |
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what divides the right from the left in atria and ventricles? |
septums |
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what are the names for the 2 different septums? |
interatrial septum
interventricular septum |
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right atrioventricular valve? |
tricuspid valve |
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what does the tricuspid valve do? |
allows blood to go from the atrium to the ventricles, but not the other way |
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what are the leaflets that are attached to the tricuspid valve called? |
chordae tendinae |
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heart contraction |
systole |
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heart relaxation |
diastole |
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process of heart contraction and relaxation |
cardiac cycle |
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ventricular systole, when the AV valves are closing |
lubb |
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ventricular diastole, when semilunar valves are closing |
dupp |
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heart is ____________________? |
autorhythmic |
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what is the order for the cardiac conduction system? |
SA node AV node AV bundle Bundle branches Purkinje fibers |
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sinoatrial node |
SA node |
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atrioventricular node |
AV node |
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bundle of His |
AV bundle |
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AV bundle spreads into right and left bundle branches in the septum |
Bundle branches |
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bundle branches turn into Purkinje fibers about half way down the septum |
purkinje fibers |
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bring blood away from the heart? |
arteries and arterioles |
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substances are exchanged |
capillaries |
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returns blood to the heart |
venules and veins |
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innermost layer of arteries and arterioles |
tunica interna |
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what is the tunica interna composed of? |
simple squamous epithelial tissue
smooth surface allowing blood cells and platelets to flow through without being damaged
prevents blood clotting |
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middle layer of arteries and arterioles |
tunica media |
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what is the tunica media composed of? |
smooth muscle fibers encircle the tube along with a thick layer of connective tissue
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what does connective tissue do? |
gives the vessel a tough elasticity that enables it to withstand the force of blood pressure |
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outer layer of arteries and arterioles? |
tunica externa |
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describe the tunica externa |
thin, mostly connective tisse
attaches arteries to surrounding tissues |
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consricting of smooth muscles, reducing diameter of the vessel |
vasoconstriction |
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dilatation of smooth muscles, increasing the diameter of the vessel |
vasodilatation |
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biochemicals move through the capillary walls by what three processes? |
diffusion
filtration
osmosis |
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return blood to the heart? |
vein |
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what is a different between veins and arteries? |
veins have valves |
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maximum pressure reached during ventricular systole |
systolic pressure
contraction |
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lowest pressure in the arteries during ventricular diastole |
diastolic pressure
relaxation |
