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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the central structure of the cardiovascular system?
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The Heart
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What are the two sets of blood vessels associate with the heart?
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Pulmonary and Systemic
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What is the function of the pulmonary system?
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Pulmonary arteries move oxygen poor blood from the hart to the lungs.
Pulmonary veins return oxygen rich blood to the heart from the lungs. |
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What is the function of the systemic system?
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Systemic arteries move oxygen rich blood from the heart to the body tissues.
Systemic veins return oxygen poor blood to the heart from the body tissues. |
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To maintain continuous flow of blood through the capillary vessels is the singular function of what?
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Four chambered hydraulic pump
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What surrounds the heart?
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Pericardium
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What is the connective tissue layer that protects and anchors the heart in position?
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Fibrous Pericardium aka Pericardial sac
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What are the two divisions of the erous pericardium?
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Parietal pericardium - adheres to the fibrous pericardium
and Visceral pericardium - adheres to the external surface of the heart |
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What are the three layers of the heart?
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Epicardium
Myocardium Endocardium |
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Which layer of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle tissue and represents the functional layer?
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Myocardium
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Visceral Pericardium is also known as what?
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Epicardium
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What is the epithelial lining of the chamber of the heart?
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Endocardium
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What makes up the four chambers of the heart?
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Two superior atria and two inferior ventricles
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What is the function of the atria?
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To receive blood from the pulmonary and systemic circulatory systems.
They are considered the "receiving chambers" |
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What is the function of the right atrium?
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Receives oxygen poor blood from the systemic circulatory system via the superior and inferior venae cavae and the coronary sinus.
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What is the function of the left atrium?
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Receives oxygen rich blood from the right and left pulmonary veins.
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What is the function of the right ventricle?
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Pump oxygen poor blood into pulmonary circulation.
It uses the pulmonary trunk, and right & left pulmonary arteries. |
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What is the function of the left ventricle?
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It pumps oxygen rich blood into the systemic circulation via the aorta
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What is coronary circulation?
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A series of vessels that deliver blood to and then drain blood from the myocardium of the heart.
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Why is the coronary circulation essential?
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They deliver oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium and they remove carbon dioxide and waste.
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What are the principle arteries, their location, and function?
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The right and left coronary arteries.
They branch from the ascending aorta. They carry oxygenated blood. |
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What does the left coronary artery branch in order to form?
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Anterior inerventricular artery and the circumflex artery.
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What does the right artery branch in order to form?
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The amrginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery.
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Systole
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Contract
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Diastole
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Relax
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Blood moves through the organ from ___________.
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Areas of high pressure to low pressure
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The myocardium in the heart wall is composed exclusively of __________.
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Cardiac muscle
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What are characteristics of cardiac muscle?
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1. either uni or binucleated
2. they contract in unison because of interclated disks. 3. the fibers are short in length 4. they have two types of electrical stimulation |
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Characteristics of autorhythmic fibers
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Electrically excitable independent of the nerve endings.
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Characteristics of cardiac contractile muscle fibers
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stimulated to contract by nerve endings that directly innervate the muscle
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What is the resting membrane potential of a contractile muscle fiber?
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-90 mv
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What type of channels are in the cardiac myofiber?
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voltage gated
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The continued influx of calcium from the slow calcium channels causes what?
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Prolonged depolarization aka plateau
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Repolarization begins with what?
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1. Closure of the slow calcium channels of the membrane
2. Transport of intracellular calcium back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 3. opening the voltage gated potassium channels |
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What establishes the fundamental rhythm of the heartbeat?
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Intrinsic cardiac conduction system
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What do the cardiac muscle fibers of the conduction system do?
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1. conduct spontaneous action potentials
2. stimulate the contractile muscle fibers of the heart |
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What makes up the conduction system?
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1. Sinoatrial Node (pacemaker)
2. atrioventricular node 3. atrioventricular bundle 4. right and left bundle branches 5. conduction myofibers (Purkinje fibers) |
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What are the elements of each heart beat?
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Systole (contraction)
Diastole (relaxation) of both atria Followed by systole and diastole of ventricles |
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Phases of cardiac cycle
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ventricular filling
ventricular systole and quiescent (relaxation) period average heart rate is 75 bpm` |
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Cardiac output is
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the measure of the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle into the aorta per minute
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Stroke volume is
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the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during each systole
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