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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why does the cv system circulate blood throughout the body?
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transport oxygen to cells,
transport CO2 away from cells, transport nutrients, movement of immune system components, transport of endocrine gland secretions |
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Where is the ♡ located?
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near the centre of the thoracic cavity, between the lungs,
in the pericardial sac |
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What are the 4 chambers of the ♡ and what is there function?
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1) Atria - receive blood
2) Ventricles - pump blood 3) Left Side - carry oxygenated blood 4) Right Side - carry deoxygenated blood |
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What is the pericardium?
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The outer layer of the ♡ wall made out of fibrous tissue
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What is the myocardium?
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The middle layer of the ♡ wall, made of cardiac muscle
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What is the endicardium?
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The inner layer of the ♡ wall, made of endothelial cells
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Describe the main properties of arteries?
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Carry blood away from ♡,
Higher pressure, Thicker tunica MEDIA than tunica EXTERNA, small lumen, NO valves, contain lots of muscle and elastic tissue |
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Describe the main properties of Veins?
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Carry blood to the ♡,
Low Pressure, THINNER tunica MEDIA than tunica EXTERNA, Large lumen, Valves, Can recoil. |
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What controls the flow & pressure of blood in capillaries?
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Sphincter muscles
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Explain Autorhythmicity of the ♡?
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The ♡ generates its own ELECTRICAL IMPULSES & beats independently of nervous /hormonal control.
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Describe the passage of blood flow through the right side of the ♡
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superior/inferior vena cava > r.atrium > tricuspid valve > r. ventricle > pulmonary semi-lunar valve > pulmonary artery to the lungs
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Describe the passage of blood flow through the left side of the ♡?
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Pulmonary veins leaving the lungs > l.atrium > bicuspid valve > l.ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > aorta
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What is the SAN?
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Sino-atrial node.
A small group of cardiac muscle cells in the RIGHT ATRIUM that stimulate the rest of the muscle cells. |
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What is the passage of the electric impulse in the cardiac conduction system?
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Sino-atrial node > atrio-ventricular node > Bundle of His > Purkinge Fibres
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Where is the cardiovascular control centre? And what does it do?
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• In MEDULLA of Brain stem
• It is the integrating centre for BP regulation. |
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What does the hypothalamus do?
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Controls blood flow to skin to adjust heat loss to environment
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Describe Atrial contraction
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• Electrical impulses set off the contraction phase.
• Impulses spread through the atrial walls and they are stimulated to contract. •Valves between the atria and ventricle opens. •Ventricles are in DIASTOLE as DEOXYGENATED blood passes into the r.ventricle |
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Describe Ventricular contraction
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•Cardiac muscle in ventricle walls contracts.
•Ventricular pressure rises •Pulmonary and Aortic Valves open •Blood is forced into the main arteries as OXYGENATED blood passes into the AORTA. •Ventricles are in SYSTOLE. |
