Cardiovascular - Pathology

Front 1

delta wave on EKG is characteristc of what?

Back 1

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Front 2

in this syndrome, there is an accessory conduction pathway from atria to ventricle (bundle of Kent), bypassing the AV node

Back 2

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Front 3

this syndrome may result in reentry current leading to supraventricular tachycardia

Back 3

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Front 4

what is the hallmark of a transmural MI?

Back 4

pathologic Q wave

Front 5

increased capillary pressure is seen in what?

Back 5

heart failure

Front 6

decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure is seen in what?

Back 6

nephrotic syndrome, lver failure

Front 7

increased capillary permeability is seen in what?

Back 7

toxins, infections, burns

Front 8

increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure is seen in what?

Back 8

lymphatic blockage

Front 9

three causes of early cyanosis

Back 9

tetralogy of fallot
transposition of great vessels
truncus arteriosus

Front 10

three causes of late cyanosis

Back 10

VSD
ASD
PDA

Front 11

what is the most common congenital cardiac abnormality?

Back 11

VSD

Front 12

what causes Tetralogy of Fallot?

Back 12

anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum

Front 13

aortic stenosis proximal to insertion of ductus arteriosus?

Back 13

preductal - infantile type

Front 14

aortic stenosis distal to ductus arteriosus?

Back 14

postductal - adult type

Front 15

notching of ribs, hypertension in upper extremities, weak pulses in lower extremities?

Back 15

coarctation of aorta

Front 16

22q11 syndromes are asscociated with what cardiac defects?

Back 16

truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot

Front 17

what cardiac defects is Down syndrome associated with?

Back 17

ASD, VSD

Front 18

what cardiac defects is congenital rubella associated with?

Back 18

septal defects, PDA

Front 19

what cardiac defects are associated with offspring of diabetic mothers?

Back 19

transposition of great vessels

Front 20

Marfan's is associated with what congenital cardiac defect?

Back 20

aortic insufficiency

Front 21

lipid deposit in cornea

Back 21

corneal arcus

Front 22

what characterizes Monckeberg arteriosclerosis?

Back 22

calcification of arteries, especially radial or unlar; usually benign (involves media - ring-like calcifications; 'pipestem')

Front 23

arteriosclerosis in essential hypertension?

Back 23

hyaline thickening of small arteries

Front 24

arteriosclerosis in malignant hypertension?

Back 24

hyperplastic 'onion skinning'

Front 25

fibrous plaques and atheromas form in what part of arteries in atherosclerosis?

Back 25

intima

Front 26

risk factors for atherosclerosis?

Back 26

smoking, hypertension, DM, hperlipidemia, family Hx

Front 27

progression of atherosclerosis?

Back 27

fatty streaks - proliferative plaque - complex atheromas

Front 28

complications of atherosclerosis?

Back 28

aneurysms, ischemia, infarcts, peripheral vascular resistance, thrombus, emboli

Front 29

location of atherosclerosis?

Back 29

abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Front 30

angina occurs with coronary artery disease narrowing greater than whta?

Back 30

75%

Front 31

retrosternal chest pain with exertion - what type of angina?

Back 31

stable

Front 32

angina that occurs at rest secondary to coronary artery spasm?

Back 32

Prinzmetal's variant

Front 33

thrombosis but no necrosis/worsening chest pain - what type of angina?

Back 33

unstable/crescendo

Front 34

where do red infarcts occur?

Back 34

in loose tissues with collaterals, such as lungs, intestine, or following reperfusion

Front 35

where do pale infarcts occur?

Back 35

solid tissues with single blood supply - brain, heart, kidney, spleen

Front 36

child with harsh systolic murmur, no diastolic murmur, and increased oxygen saturation in the RV?

Back 36

VSD

Front 37

cut CN IX and X bilaterally - what is hemodynamic result?

Back 37

tachycardia with hypertension

Front 38

EKG with random electrical activity without recognizable QRS complexes

Back 38

ventricular fibrillation

Front 39

what can atenolol cause in high doses?

Back 39

bradycardia and varying degrees of AV block

Front 40

what causes increased pulse pressure?

Back 40

stiffening of arteries/ decreased arterial compliance

Front 41

what maintains a PDA?

Back 41

PGE analog - alprostadil

Front 42

what artery is usually compressed in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Back 42

subclavian

Front 43

what is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in adults?

Back 43

ischemic heart disease

Front 44

sudden death in heart transplant patient?

Back 44

graft vascular disease

Front 45

cardiac defect associated with Fragile X?

Back 45

MV prolapse and aortic root dilation

Front 46

cardiac finding in SIDS?

Back 46

right ventricular hypertrophy

Front 47

endocarditis in patient with colon CA?

Back 47

strep bovis

Front 48

how does cocaine cause hypertension?

Back 48

blocks NE reuptake

Front 49

what substance responsible for calcified valves?

Back 49

calcium phosphate

Front 50

high risk for digitoxin therapy with what metabolic problem?

Back 50

hypokalemia

Front 51

decreased arterial pressure, increased systemic venous pressure, and small, quiet heart

Back 51

cardiac tamponade

Front 52

rupture of ventricular wall leading to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade, rupture of IV septum, rupture of papillary muscle can occur when post-MI?

Back 52

5-10 days