Cardiovascular Anatomy And Physiology Terms

Front 1

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Back 1

A term used to refer to the distinct conditions caused by a similar sequence of pathologic events - a temporary or permanent blockage of a coronary artery . These conditions are characterized by an excessive demand or inadequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the hearts muscles associated with plaque disruption, thrombos formation, and vasoconstriction. ACS consists of 3 major syndromes; unstable angina non - ST - elevation my cardio infarction, and ST elevation myocardial infarction

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Afterload

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The pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to ejaculate

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Angina pectoris

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Chest discomfort or other related symptoms of sudden onset that may occur because of the increased oxygen demand of the heart temporarily exceeds the blood supply

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Apex of the heart

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The lower portion of the heart that is formed by the tip of the left ventricle

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Atria

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The upper chambers of the heart (singular, atrium)

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Atrial kick

Back 6

Blood pushed into the ventricles because of atrial contraction

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Atrioventricular valve AV valve

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The valve located between each atrium and ventricle the tricuspid separates the right atrium from the right ventricle in the mitral (bicuspid) by cuspid separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

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Atypical presentation

Back 8

Uncharacteristic signs and symptoms perceived by some patients experiencing a medical condition such as an ACS

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Base of heart

Back 9

Posterior surface of the heart

Front 10

Blood pressure

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Force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries as the ventricles of the heart contract and relax

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Systolic and Diastolic

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Cardiac output CO

Back 11

The amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute by the heart; defined as the stroke volume multiplied by the heart rate

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Chordae Tendieae (Tendinous Chord)

Back 12

Then strands of virus connective tissue that extend from the AV valves to the papilary muscles that prevent the AV valves from bulging back into the atria during ventricular systole (contraction)

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Chronotropy

Back 13

Change in the (heart) rate

Hint 13

C >hr< ono

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Diastole

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Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the atria and ventricles relax between the contractions and blood enters these chambers. When the term is used without reference to a specific chamber of the heart, ventricular diastole is implied

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Dromotropy

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Refers to the speed of conduction through the AV Junction

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Dysrhythmia

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Any disturbance or abnormality in the normal rhythmic pattern semi-colon any cardiac rhythm other than sinus rhythm

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Ejection fraction

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The percentage of blood pumped out of the heart chamber with each contraction

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Endocardium

Back 18

Innermost layer of the heart that lines the inside of The myocardium and covers the heart valves

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Epicardium

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Also known as the visceral pericardium; the external layer of the heart wall that covers the heart muscle

Front 20

Heart failure

Back 20

A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body; it may result from any condition that impairs preload, afterload, cardiac contractility, or heart rate.

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Inotropy

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Refers to the change in myocardial contractility

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Ischemia

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Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ

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Mediastinum

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Middle area of the thoracic cavity; the contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus, among other structures; extends from the sternum to the vertebral column

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Mitochondria

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The PowerHouse of the cell oh, the energy producing parts of the cell

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Myocardium

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The middle and thick as layer of the heart, contains the cardiac muscle fibers that cause contraction of the heart and contains the conduction system in blood supply

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Myocardial infarction(Mi)

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Death of some kind of mass heart muscle caused by inadequate blood supply and ultimately lack of perfusion

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Myofibril

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Slender striated strand of muscle tissue

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Papillary muscles

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Muscles attached to the chordae tendineae of the AV valves and the ventricular muscle of the heart that helps prevent the AV valves from bulging too far into the Atria

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Pericardium

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A double-walled Sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection

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Peripheral resistance

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Resistance the flow of blood determined by a blood vessel diameter and the tone of vascular musculature

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Preload

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Force exerted by the blood on the walls of The ventricle at the end of diastole

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Proximal

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Location near to the midline of the body or point of attachment then something else is

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Sarcolemma

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Membrane that covers smooth, striated and cardiac muscle fibers

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Sarcomere

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Smallest functional unit of the myofibril

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Sarcoplasm

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Semi fluid cytoplasm of muscle cells

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Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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Network of tubules and sacs that play an important role in muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions

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Semi-lunar valves

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That was shaped like half moons that separate the ventricles from the aorta and pulmonary artery

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Septum

Back 38

An internal wall of connective tissues

Front 39

Stroke volume

Back 39

The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat

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Sulcus

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Groove

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Systole

Back 41

Contraction of the heart (usually referred to ventricular contraction) during which blood is propelled into the pulmonary artery and aorta; when the term is used without reference to specific chamber of the heart, ventricular systole is implied

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Tone

Back 42

A term that may be used when referring to the normal state of balanced tension in body tissues

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Venous return

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Amount of blood flowing into the right atrium each minute from the systemic circulation

Front 44

Ventricles

Back 44

The lower chambers of the heart