Cardiology (Ekg Notes)

Front 1

what do the limb leads use as ground?

Back 1

the other two leads (for aVF, uses aVL and aVR as grounds)

Front 2

inferior leads are ___, ___, and ___. they reflect ________.

lateral leads are ___ and ___. these refect ________.

Back 2

aVF, II, III; inferior LV wall pathology (such as ischemia or infarction)

I, aVL; lateral LV wall pathology

Front 3

all standard ekg leads have positive QRS except ____.

Back 3

aVR (because it points in the opposite direction of mean vector of depolarization)

Front 4

V1, V2 reflect ____.
V3, V4 reflect ____.
V5, V6 reflect ____.

Back 4

septal (or anteroseptal) leads
anterior leads
lateral leads

Front 5

explain the normal R wave progression from V1 to V6.

Back 5

This transition from negative to isoelectric to postive is normal progression. V1 is going in opposite direction of the heart and the leads become upright as they align with the orientation of the heart.

Front 6

ST segment elevation = _____
ST depression = _____

Back 6

acute injury

ischemia

Front 7

In a normal P-QRS-T sequence,
P=
QRS=
T=

Back 7

atrial depolarization
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization

Front 8

Put these in order of depolarization:
Purkinje fibers, His, SAN, bundle branches, AVN

Back 8

SAN, AVN, His, bundle branche, purkinje fibers

Front 9

study this picture for a bit and run through the correct pathway of depolarization... =) and then you can think of aya...

also, how would a left atrial enlargement show up on a ekg?

Back 9

rmember that if left atrium were enlarged, it would take longer time to depolarize and p-wave would be bigger

Front 10

ST segment elevation = _____
ST depression = _____

Back 10

acute injury

ischemia

Front 11

In a normal P-QRS-T sequence,
P=
QRS=
T=

Back 11

atrial depolarization
ventricular depolarization
ventricular repolarization

Front 12

Put these in order of depolarization:
Purkinje fibers, His, SAN, bundle branches, AVN

Back 12

SAN, AVN, His, bundle branche, purkinje fibers

Front 13

blockage of AV node or His bundle would show up on the ekg where?

Back 13

PR interval

Front 14

what could give you prolonged QRS interval? (3)

Back 14

-blockage of bundle branches
-blockage at purkinje fiber level
-myocardium (ie. LV eccentric hypertrophy)

Front 15

what would ectopic atrial rhythm show up on ekg as?

Back 15

abnormal p-wave

Front 16

what 2 things could a wide QRS interval be?

Back 16

bundle branch block (BBB)
OR
dilated ventricles!

Front 17

localize on ekg:
AV block=
accessory tract =

Back 17

long PR interval
short PR interval

Front 18

blockage of AV node or His bundle would show up on the ekg where?

Back 18

PR interval

Front 19

what could give you prolonged QRS interval? (3)

Back 19

-blockage of bundle branches
-blockage at purkinje fiber level
-myocardium (ie. LV eccentric hypertrophy)

Front 20

what would ectopic atrial rhythm show up on ekg as?

Back 20

abnormal p-wave

Front 21

what 2 things could a wide QRS interval be?

Back 21

bundle branch block (BBB)
OR
dilated ventricles!

Front 22

localize on ekg:
AV block=
accessory tract =

Back 22

long PR interval
short PR interval

Front 23

left or right axis deviation?

lead 1 positive
aVF neg

Back 23

left axis deviation

Front 24

left or right axis deviation?

lead 1 negative
aVF neg

Back 24

neither; extreme axis deviation (indeterminate)

Front 25

left or right axis deviation?

lead 1 negative
aVF pos

Back 25

right axis deviation