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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are functions of the heart?
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Cardiac output
Oxygen delivery to peripheral tissues Removal of Carbon Dioxide Thermoregulation Maintenance of GFR |
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What are compensatory mechanisms of the heart?
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cardiac dialation to increase contratile force to maintain cardiac output
myocardial hypertophy increase heart rate increase peripheral resistance Redistribution of blood flow |
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What are heart muscle nuclei located in the cell?
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central
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What is the ratio from right to left ventricle dealing with size?
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the left should be 3 to 4 times larger than the right
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What causes serous atrophy of fat?
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Starvation/anorexia
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What heart condition is seen with brisket edema?
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Right sided congestive heart failure
the liver of animals with this is enlarged with rounded edges |
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What are the clinical signs of congenial cardiac anomalies?
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exercise intolerance
cyanosis stunted body growth |
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T/F
Valvular hematocysts are of clinical significance. |
false
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What are the four abnormalities of Tetrology of Fallot?
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Ventricular septal defect
overriding aorta Pulmonary valve stenosis right ventricle hypertrophy |
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What direction does blood flow in an animal with a ventricular septal defect?
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from left ventricle to right ventricle
the lesion causes focal fibrosis or "jet lesions" resulting in right sided congestive heart failure |
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What direction will blood travel in an animal with patent ductus arteriosis?
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blood from aorta will flow into pulmonary artery to lungs
this will cause pulmonary hypertension and right sided congestive heart failure |
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What causes persistent right aortic arch?
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Ligamentum arteriosum
see mega esophagus and weight loss clinically |
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What type of neoplasm can cause hemopericardium?
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hemangiosarcoma
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What disease can cause fibrinous pericarditis in cattle?
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Clostridium chauovi (black leg)
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What disease causes pericardial effusion in pigs?
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mulberry heart caused by a deficiency in vitamin E
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What can result due to chronic pericarditis?
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cardiac tamponade
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If there is an excessive intake of vitamin D, what can this cause?
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endocardial mineralization
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What animals are most susceptable to valvular endocardiosis?
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middle aged to older dogs such as Cavalier King Charles spaniels
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What is the main cause of valvular endocarditis?
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bacterial infections
animals die of heart failure |
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What does Valvular endocarditis look like grossly? Where is it commonly located?
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valves become knobby, shortened and have fibrosis
this condition is usually of the left AV valve |
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Where would you look systemically for infarcts if a valvular endocarditis is in the left AV or aortic valve? Rt AV or pulmonary valve?
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Kidney
Lungs |
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Where do you mainly see heartworms in the heart?
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Pulmonary artery and right ventricle
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T/F
"White muscle dz" is also known as Distrophic calcification. |
true
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Dilated cardiomyopathies are see especially in? What does it look like? Hypertrophic?
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Dog more than cats, esp male
Heart enlarged, rounded Cats |
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What will you see grossly in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? What will the animal present with?
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Enlarged left atrium (from left sided heart failure) and hypertrophied left vent
Acute cardiac failure |
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How does the heart tissue look on histology in a cat with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
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cardiomyocytes are in a woven pattern rather than parallel
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What is generally the cause of myocarditis?
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hematogeneous infection
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What are the two examples of bacterial myocarditis?
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Black leg (C. chauovi)
Histophilus somni they cause acute necrotizing and suppurative myocarditis |
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With nutritional myopathy what slide of the heart do you see white brush strokes in cattle?
How about sheep? |
left
right |
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Are primary cardiac neoplasms common in domestic animals?
Secondary? |
no
yes in small animals haemangiosarcsoma in large animal lymphosarcoma |
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Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes what in pigs?
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Multiple cutaneous infarcts, due to disease of the arteries
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What is the common name for idiopathic necrotizing polyarteritis?
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Beagle pain syndrome
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Vitamin E/selenium deficiency causes what in pigs and what do you see?
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mulberry heart disease
see fibrinoid necrotizing arteries |
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What E. coli toxin produces endothelial injury in pigs?
What does this cause? |
Verotoxin
Fluid loss and edema dz |
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What is the cause of coronary atherosclerosis in dogs?
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Hypothyroidism
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What can cause arteriosclerosis (arterial mineralization) in cattle?
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Johne's disease
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What is the main cause of arterial rupture?
What are vessels that this happens to? |
Physical trauma
Uterine artery- during parturition Internal corotid artery.- guttural pouch mycosis Aorta- horses, rare |
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What are two causes of pulmonary artery thrombosis?
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1) Heartworm dz
2) Severe renal dz- by loss of antithrombin 3 (protein) in the urine |
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What can cause a saddle thrombosis?
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Cardimyopathy due to
reduce blood flow to the body |
