Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what are the left heart complications of mitral stenosis?
|
- pulmonary edema, orthopnea, PND, cough, hemoptysis
- hemosiderin laden macrophages |
|
|
what are the right heart complications of mitral stenosis?
|
- nutmeg liver & iiver congestion
|
|
|
what are the most common valvular diseases?
|
- calcific AS
- MV prolapse |
|
|
what is the most common cause of MS?
|
- rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
what is the most common congenital cause of AS? acquired?
|
- congenital: bicuspid valve
- acquired: aging |
|
|
what is myxomatous degeneration referring to?
|
- mitral valve prolapse
|
|
|
what congenital syndrome is mitral valve prolapse associated with?
|
- Marfan's syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome, OI
|
|
|
what condition do you see Barlow's midsystolic lick with?
|
- MV prolapse
|
|
|
which heart condition is associated with Marfan's syndrome?
|
- MV prolapse
|
|
|
what does it mean that rheumatic fever is a multi-system disease?
|
- effects heart, joints, skin, brain
|
|
|
what is the most common cause of rheumatic heart disease? what is the pathophys?
|
- group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis (streptococcus pyogenes)
- antibodies produced cross react w/ heart glycoproteins |
|
|
what is the Jone's criteria for rheumatic fever?
|
- Major: migratory polyarthritis of large joints, carditis (pancarditis) aka inflammation of entire heart, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum, sydenham's chorea
- minor: fever, arthralgia, acute phase reactants/ASO, ESR - RF = 2 major or 1 major + 2 minor |
|
|
what is an aschoff nodule? Anitschkow cell?
|
- Aschoff nodule: fibrinoid necrosis & chronic inflammatory cells (macrophages/histiocytes) found in RF
- Antischkow cell: catepillar cells found in FR |
|
|
what 3 types of pancarditis can acute RF cause?
|
1) pericarditis (bread & butter type)
2) mycarditis (aschoff nodule) 3) endocarditis (acute = vegetations on closure cusps, chronic = fibrosis & thickening of chordae & cusps) |
|
|
what is acute vs chronic RF endocarditis?
|
- acute = vegetations on closure lines of cusps
- chronic = organization & fibrosis - thickening of cusps & chordae - can lead to MS |
|
|
what is the difference b/w acute & subacute infective endocarditis?
|
- acute: normal valve, virulent organism, high mortality, destruction
- subacute: abnormal valve, low virulence, less destruction, low mortality |
|
|
what is a splinter hemorrhage characteristic of?
|
- infective endocarditis
|
|
|
what is the most common organism for infective endocarditis?
|
- Alpha hemolytic Streptococcus (viridans) 60%
- Staphylococcus aureus 20% |
|
|
where can infective endocarditis vs acute endocarditis seen in RF occur on valve?
|
- infective can occur anywhere on valve whereas acute due to RF was only seen around the valve closure
|
|
|
where does infective endocarditis usually occur?
|
- mitral & aortic valve (even in IVDA)
- but IVDA can also affect right sided valves |
|
|
what are two causes of non-infected vegetations?
|
1) nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE)
2) Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (in SLE) |
|
|
what causes nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) non-infective vegetations?
|
- Hypercoagulable states (mucinous adenocarcinoma of pancreas) --> lead to vegetations on valve of heart
- Other malignancy - Debilitation, burns, sepsis, in-dwelling venous catheter |
|
|
what causes Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (in SLE) non-infective vegetations?
|
- Vegetations on mitral & tricuspid valves
- Typically undersurfaces (inflow tract) of mitral valve Fibrin w/ inflammation - Hematoxyphil bodies = macrophages + neutrophils which have phagocytosed nucleus of injured cell |
|
|
what are hematoxyphil bodies?
|
- associated with non-infective vegetations in Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (in SLE)
- Hematoxyphil bodies = macrophages + neutrophils which have phagocytosed nucleus of injured cell |
