Cardio Drugs

Front 1

Cardiac Output

Back 1

HR X Stroke Volume

Front 2

Preload

Back 2

Fluid in the heart

Front 3

Afterload

Back 3

Resistance of impedance the ventricle must overcome to eject it blood volume

Front 4

INOTROPY

Back 4

Contractility

Front 5

Autonomic regulation of Blood Pressure

Back 5

Parasympathetic (ACh) vagus decreases in HR

Sympathetic (B1) input NE

SA node in to increase HR

Front 6

3 Primary factors that determine the resistance to blood flow

Back 6

* Radius of blood vessels

* Length of blood vessel

* Viscosity of blood

Front 7

What has the greatest effect of on Blood pressure?

Back 7

Blood Vessle Diameter

Front 8

True or False Vessle diameter has the largest impact on Blood pressure?

Back 8

True

Front 9

True or False, Diuretics decrease BP?

Back 9

Yes

Front 10

Diuretics

Back 10

Decrease Blood Volume this Decreases BP

Front 11

What drugs act on Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Back 11

* Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

*Osmotic Diuretics

Front 12

What drugs are used in Descending LOH

Back 12

Osmotic Diuretics

Front 13

Drugs for Ascending LOH

Back 13

Loop Diuretics

Front 14

Drugs for Distal Convoluted Tubule

Back 14

Thiazides

Front 15

Where do Thiazides act in the kidney?

Back 15

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Front 16

Collecting Tubule and Duct

Back 16

K sparring diuretics

Front 17

Diuretics

Back 17

Most diuretics are renal ion inhibitors

**They block reabsorption of ions thus causing them to pull water into the urine**

-reduce BV

-reduce BP

Front 18

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors

Back 18

MOA- inhibit Carbonic Anhydrase which

**Proximal Tubule**

Front 19

T or F are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors considered weak diuretics

Back 19

True, because it works early in the Nephron!

THESE CAN BE COMBINED WITH LOOP THIAZIDES

Front 20

Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors drugs

Back 20

- Acetazolamide (Diamox)

- Methazolamide (Neptazane)

Front 21

CAI Theraputic uses

Back 21

-Glaucoma

* Decreases AH prouction

- Psudotumor Cerebri

* decrease Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Front 22

True or False, Diamox is a good treatment for Glaucoma?

Back 22

True Diamox or Acetazolamide, is a CAI that is used for Glaucoma

Front 23

Oral Hypotensive doses

Back 23

* generally a low start dose for Glaucoma (125-250mg)

***For psudotumor Cerebri the starting dose is generally much higher 500mg BID

Front 24

True or False, CAI are a good treatment for Metabolic Alkalosis

Back 24

True!!

remember Acetazolamide causes the blood to have increased CO2 so itll make it more acidic

Front 25

Contraindications of CAI

Back 25

- Metabolic Acidosis

- Hypokalemia (you excrete K)

Front 26

Osmotic Diuretics

Back 26

**In the thin Descending Loop of Henle

-Mannitol

-Urea

Front 27

True or False, Osmotic Diuretics stay in Renal Tubule?

Back 27

True

**Osmotic Diuretics stay in Tubule and prevent reabsorption of water

Front 28

What do Osmotic Diuretics Do?

Back 28

They prevent the reabsorption of water

Front 29

What are some examples of osmotic diuretics?

Back 29

Mannitol and Urea

Front 30

Is Acetaszolamide a Osmotic diuretic?

Back 30

No it is a CAI

Front 31

MOA for Osmotic Diuretics

Back 31

Adds Mannitol to the urine causing an Osmolarity shift without having to use Na pumps.

Front 32

True or false Osmotic Diuretics are reliant on Na Channels?

Back 32

False, they add Mannitol in the urine which cant be reabsorbed thus causing the osmotic gradient to shift

Front 33

Theraputic uses for Mannitol

Back 33

-Administered prophylactically for acute renal failure , CVD and nephrotic drugs

* Short term Tx for Glaucoma

*can lower Intracranial pressure

Front 34

Side effects of Osmotics

Back 34

*fluid and electrolyte imbalances

* dehydration

*Glycerol can cause Hyperglycemia in DM pts

Front 35

LOOP DIURETICS (SOO MUCH PISS)

Back 35

***FUROSIMIDE (LASIX)***

Front 36

Furosemide is acts on what part of the Nephron?

Back 36

Thick Ascending Loop of Henle

Front 37

MOA of Loop Diuretics

Back 37

Block the Na and K Co-transporter which increases the Salts and H20 in urine

Front 38

What do Loop Diuretics do?

Back 38

they block the Na, Cl and K pump from the urine to the cell causing salts to stay in the urine and draw more water

Front 39

Theraputic uses for Loop Diuretics

Back 39

REDUCE BLOOD PRESSURE

-Acute Pulmonary edema

-Hypercalcemia and HyperKalemia

Front 40

How do Loop diuretics treat Hypercalcemia and Hyperkalemia?

Back 40

Loop diuretics cuase K and Ca to stay in the urine and get pissed away

Front 41

Adverse effects of Loop diuretics

Back 41

*Ototoxicity

*gout due to Furosemide binding to uric acid transporters thus reducing uric acid secretion

*acute hypovolemia and BP

*Metabolic alkalosis

*Hyperglycemia (not enough K to bind to insulin )

Front 42

Thiazides

Back 42

****FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE*****

-Low ceiling diuretic (low dose does nothing)

*Chlorothiazide

* Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 43

Where do Thiazides act?

Back 43

Distal convoluted tubule

**remember this is where 25%of Na is exchanged

Front 44

What is the MOA of thiazides medications?

Back 44

Block reabsorption of Na/Cl in n the distal tubules thus letting Na and Cl pass into the collecting ducts which water will follow

Front 45

True or false, Thiazide medications are a high ceiling diuretic that act in the distal convoluted tubules and block Na and Cl reabsorption?

Back 45

False, Thiazides are a low ceiling medications which means even at high doses, you wont get a high response

Front 46

Full MOA of Thiazides

Back 46

Blocks Na Cl cotransporter. this decreases the amount of Na in the cell causing Na K pump to slow down and cause Na to be pumped into the blood in exchange for Ca. Then Ca will be pumped into the urine

* INCREASES BLOOD Ca*

Front 47

Thiazides effects

Back 47

*can cause Vasodilation

Front 48

Thiazide theraputic uses

Back 48

**Decreases blood volume and vasodilation

-enhances ACE inhibitors

**Hypercalciuria- Increases the amount of Ca in the blood

Front 49

Side Effects of thiazides

Back 49

* hypercalcemia

* hyperuricemia (increases Uric acid in the blood)

* Increase Plasma lipids

***REMEMBER THESE ARE SULFA DRUGS SO THEY SHOULD NEVER BE GIVEN TO A PT WITH SULFA ALLERGIES****

Front 50

Where can thiazides be excreted?

Back 50

Breast milk

Front 51

Hypovolemia could be caused from what medication?

A. Mannitol

B. Thiazide

C Acetazolamide

D. Furosemide

Back 51

B. Thiazide

remember Thiazides act on the Distal Convoluted tubules thus causing vasodilation and increases blood Ca with osteoporosis

Front 52

Thiazide like medications

Back 52

*Chlorothalidone

* metazolone

- Metozalone can cause Na secretion even in advanced renal failure

Front 53

Potassium Sparing Diuretics

** Aldosterone Antagonists**

Back 53

Spironolactone

Front 54

Aldosterone antagonists

Back 54

*reduce production/activity of na/k Channels

-basically increases Na in urine and decreases Na absorption

***EFFECTS ENDOCRINE

-These have a low efficacy to mobilize Na from the body

Front 55

d

Back 55

d

Front 56

What is the MOA of CAI

Back 56

They inhibit carbonic Anhydrase **remember carbonic Anhydrase pumps Na in and H- out. The H- in the urine combines with HCO3 and gets transported into the cell Lumen

This increases urine pH and keeps Na in urine thus pulling water into the urine **BLOOD ACIDOSIS***

Front 57

True or False, Carbonic Anhydrase pumps Na into the Urine and H- into the urine?

Back 57

False, Carbonic Anhydrase pumps Na into lumen and H- into Urine which then binds to HCO3

Front 58

What drug is a Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor? And which portion of the Kidney does it effect?

Back 58

Acetlyzolamide, This Acts on the Proximal convoluted Tubule

Front 59

True or False Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors can lead to blood Acidosis

Back 59

True

Front 60

Theraputic uses for CAI

Back 60

*Glaucoma- decreases AH production

*Psudotumor Cerebri

Front 61

D

Back 61

D