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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor (Statins) |
Most effective for lowering LDL
reduces LDL cholesterol elevates HDL cholesterol
non-lipid beneficial cardiovascular actions: reduces risk of CV events increases bone formation |
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Cholestyramine (Questran) |
Bile Acid Sequestrates
Increases LDL receptors Reduces LDL cholesterol Prevents absorption of bile-acids
s/e constipation; can increase VLDL levels in some patients |
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Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) |
Reduces LDL; TG; production of VLDLs Increases HDL (better than any other drug)
s/e flushed/itchy skin; GI upset; hepatotoxicity (liver damage); hyperglycemia; gouty arthritis |
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Ezetimibe (Zetia) |
inhibits cholesterol absorption reduces total cholesterol reduces LDL and apolipoprotein B
s/e myopathy; rhabdomylosis; hepatitis; pancreatitis; thrombocytopenia |
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Clopidogrel (Plavix) |
ADP (adenosine diphosphate) receptor antagonist platelet aggregation reduced by-40-60%
prevention of MI; ischemic stroke; vascular events (PAD)
dosage 75 mg tab QD |
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1st line of treatment for hyperlipidemia |
dietary modifications weight control exercise smoking cessation |
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other medications to lower cholesterol |
Fish Oil: daily goal is 1g of omega-3 fatty acids Plant stanol and sterol esters (Benecol) Estrogen therapy Cholestin- dietary supplement; active ingredient identical to lovastatin |
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therapeutic uses for statins |
hypercholesterolemia; primary and secondary prevention of CV events; diabetes |
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adverse effects of statins |
headache rash GI disturbances myopathy/rhabdomylosis (muscle breakdown) hepatotoxicity (liver damage)
PREGNANCY RISK CATEGORY X-should not be given in pregnancy |
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Fibrates Gemfibrozil (Lopid) |
Fibric Acid Derivatives (Fibrates)
reduces plasma TG content; lowers VLDL levels; raises HDL cholesterol
s/e rashes; GI upset; gallstones; myopathy; hepatotoxicity (liver injury) |
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drug interactions of ezetimibe (Zetia) |
statins-increase risk of myopathy & liver damage fibrates-increase risk of myopathy & gall stones bile-acid sequestrants-reduced absorption cyclosporine-greatly increases ezetimibe levels (immunosuppressant used in organ transplants; RA; severe psoriasis) |
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drug combinations to lower cholesterol |
niacin/lovastatin simvastatin/ezetimibe (Vytorin) Pravastatin/aspirin (Pravagard PAC) Atorvastatin/amlodipine (Caduet) |
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drug interactions with clopidogrel (Plavix) |
promote bleeding: -heparin -warfarin -aspirin -NSAIDs |
