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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atrioventricular valve is where and what does it do?
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It a valve that separates the atrium from the ventricles
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Pulmonary valve
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Opens from the right ventricle into the pulmonary atery
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Serous pericardium
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covers the heart surfaces
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Disastole ventricles
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relax and fill with blood from the atrium
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How the movement of blood occurs
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it occurs when the blood from the atrium is building pressure from the atrium is being pressed on the ventricles. Or in other words the pressure is higher in the atrium than in the ventricles
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What percent of blood flows into the ventricles
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80%
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What happens with the blood during the contraction of the atrium
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The force is powerful enough to push the remaining blood into the ventricles
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Systole
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Ventricles contract that make pressure to close the AV valves
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Now the the blood is in the ventricles. where does the blood go now?
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The pressure in the ventricles causes the semilunar valves to open.
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Once the semilunar valves open what happens as a result of this
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Ejection of blood
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Where does the ejection of blood go to when its ejected from the pulmonary arteries ?
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the right ventricle
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Where does the ejection of blood go to when it is ejected from the aorta
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the left ventricle
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When ejections has occured
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the ventricle pressure slows down and causes the semilunar valves to close
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HOw many impulses does the SA node discharge?
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60 to 100 impulses
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What is the first step in the conduction system of the heart
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the SA Node or the pacemaker
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What is the second step in the conduction system
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Atrioventricular node
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What is the 3rd step of the conduction system
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Antrioventricular bundle or Bundle of HIs
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What is the 4th step of the conduction system
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Right and Left bundle branches
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What is the 5th step of the conduction stems
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the purkinje fibers, that help cause relaxation of the heart
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What is the primary purpose of the AV
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preventing excessive discharge
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What happens if the SA node fails? How many impulses can this node help if the SA node fails?
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The AV node can help with the failure of the SA node. It can only make up for 40 to 60 impulses per minute
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What happens if the nodes fail?
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The bundle branches can contract and can create very slow impulses at 20 to 40 pulses
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what are the purposes of the veins, capillaries, and arteries?
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Is the blood flow back and forth from the tissues
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What kind of arteries can take a lot of pressure? How is this pressure made
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Tensile and arterioles that pressure is made from teh myocardial contraction
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How is blood pressure maintained by the arteries?
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by constricting or dilating
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What kind of protein is mostly found in the lymphatic fluid?
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Albumin
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What are the factors the can affect the heart
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lifestyle, age, and disease
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What is S1
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It is the "Lub" sound that means that the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve is closing
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What is S2
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Closing of the aortic valve and the pulmonic valve
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What are the common diseases to ask about during an assesment of the cardiac system
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Diabetes, renal failure, chronic hypoxia, or hypertension
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Bruit
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That is the rushing (swooshy sound) or blowing sound as the blood is passing through a narrowed section of the vessel. This is examined during carotid pulses.
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what does it mean if you hear a bruit sound
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It means that this person generally could have a plugged artery
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What is the 3rd heart sound
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It is known as the ventriclular gallop, occurs near the end of diastole or when the atrium contracts
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What is the sound of the 3rf heart sound
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It occurs during the inspiration process and sounds like Ken tuc ky broken up
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What happens if the 3rd sound of the heart is in the early diastolic stage
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It means rapid ventricle filling. And it is creating a sound against the walls
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What happens if you hear 3rd sounds of the heart. Key thing what does it mean?
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Possibly could mean Congestive heart failure or fluid over flow
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Which part of the stethoscope do you use for listening to S1 and S2
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The diaphragm for higher pitched sounds
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What part of the stethoscope do you use for listening to S3 and S4
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The bell for lower pitched sounds
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Where do you hear atrial gallop
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at the end of diastole when the atrium is contracted
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Left ventricle S4 what can you hear here and on the right ventricle
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the apical area for left. Lower right ventricle area you can hear here
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In the S4 sounds what does it sound like during inspiration
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a lot like Tennessee
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What is the significance of hearing the S4 sound
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It occurs during artrial contraction that cause rapid blood flow into the ventricles
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What is the clinical signifcance to knowing about the S4 sounds ?
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CAD and
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Where is S1 loudest
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In the mitral area
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Where is S2 loudest
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Pulmonic area
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How do you grade a murmur
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Barley audible, quiet but you can hear it, clearly hear (3), Loud WITH associated thrill (4), Loud but can be heard with stethoscope and can see a little on the chest (5), Loud enough to notice it without the stethoscope (6)
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What is the main cause of murmurs
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Regurgitation
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What is regurgitation
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It is when the valve should be closed but it is not. This causes back flow
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Stenosis is ?
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Is when the valve is open and blood flow is forced through a stiff valve
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What are some Physiological murmurs
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increased cardiac out put stats
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What are some systolic murmurs
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Mitral regurgitation, Tricuspid regurgitation , mitral valve palpase, aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis
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What are some diastolic murmurs
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Mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis, aortic regurgitation and pulmonic regurgitation
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Systole is
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Related to s1 heart sounds of the mitral and tricuspid vales closing and the aortic and pulmonic valves opening
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Diastole
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IS heard with S2 with mitral and tricupid opening and the pulmonic and aortic valves opening
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What is the grading for peripheral edema
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1+- 2mm, 2+=4mm, 3+=6mm, 4+=8mm
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