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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cardiac cycle? |
Refers to the sequence of events that occur when the heart beats. |
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Atrial systole: what is contracting & where is the blood going? |
The contraction of the right & left atria pushing blood into the ventricles |
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Atrial diastole |
The period between atria contractions when the atria are repolarizing |
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Ventricular systole |
The period between ventricular contractions when the ventricles are repolarizing |
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Preload |
Refers to the tension in the ventricular wall at the end of a diastole, it reflects the venous filling pressure that fills the left ventricle during diastole |
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Afterload |
Refers to the forces that impede the flow of blood out of the heart, primarily the pressure in the peripheral vasculature, the compliance of the aorta & the mass and viscosity of the blood |
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Stroke Volume (SV) |
Refers to the volume of blood ejected by each contraction of the left ventricle |
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Cardiac Output (CO) |
The amount of blood pumped from the left or right ventricle per minute. It is equal to the product of stroke volume and heart rate |
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Venous return |
The amount of blood that returns to the right atrium each minute. This is similar in volume to the CO. |
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What is the normal CO for an adult male versus female? |
At rest it is 4.5/5.0 L/min with women producing slightly less. |
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How much does the CO increase during exercise? |
Can increase up to 25 L/min during exercise |
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What is the normal SV range? |
Normal SV ranges from 60-80 ml depending on age, sex, and activity |
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Why is the venous return equal to the CO when averaged over time? |
Because the cardiovascular system is a closed loop |
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What is the order of the systemic circulation? |
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle through the aorta, arteries, and arterioles to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the capillaries, deoxygenated blood returns through a series of venules and veins. |
