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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are reducing sugars?
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Fix or Six carbon sugars that expose the carbonyl group to react w/ reducing agents.
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What is Ascorbic Acid?
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"Vitamin C" - Necessary for synthesis of Collagen
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What does ascorbic acid deficiency cause?
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Scurvy
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What does glucuronic acid combine to form?
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Combines w/ bilirubin in the liver to form conjugated bilirubin.
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What is Sorbitol?
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A glucose derivative that causes the complications of diabetes mellitus: (cataracts, peripheral neuropathy and retinopathy)
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What is an intermediate in both the glycolytic and PPP pathways?
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Glyceraldehyde
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What is reduced to glycerol in fat metabolism and is also present in the glycolytic pathway?
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Dihydroxyacetone
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What is the smallest amino acid, a inhibitory NT, important for synthesis of heme and abundant in collagen?
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Glycine
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What AA is important during fasting and a major substrate for gluconeogenesis?
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Alanine
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What AA is a branched-chain amino acid that cannot be degraded by the liver, and used by muscle?
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Valine and isoleucine
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What AA accumulate in maple-syrup urine disease?
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Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine
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What accumulates and what is deficient in PKU?
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Phenylalanine accumulates and tyrosine is deficient
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What AA is a branched-chain amino acid that cannot be degraded by the liver, is ketogenic and used by muscle?
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Leucine
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What AA is the primary methyl-group donor?
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Methionine
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What is the only amino acid with a cyclic side-chain and is hydroxylated in colleged w/ ascorbic acid for cross-bridge binding?
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Proline
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What AA has a aromatic side-chain and increases in PKU?
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Phenylalanine
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What AA is the precursor for serotonin, niacin and melatonin with a aromatic side chain?
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Tryptophan
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What AA forms disulfide bonds?
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Cysteine
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What AA is deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?
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Cysteine
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What is a single carbon donor AA that is phosphorylated by kinases?
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Serine
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What AA is the precursor of the catecholamines, melanin and thyroid hormones?
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Tyrosine
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What AA is insufficiently synthesized by neoplastic cells?
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Asparagine
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What AA is the major carrier of nitrogen and is a nitrogen donor to purines and pyrimidines?
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Glutamine
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What AA is used for NH3 detox in brain and liver and carries amino groups from muscle as well?
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Glutamine
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What AA is important for the binding properties of Albumin?
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Aspartate
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What AA is neutral at pH 7.4 and so is a great buffer? (physiologic pH)
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Histidine
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What AA can form disulfide bonds?
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Cysteine
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What AAs are important in binding sites for cross-links in collagen?
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Proline and Lysine
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