Amino Acids And Peptides

Front 1

Amino group and Carboxyl group

Back 1

General structure of amino acids includes an _______ and _______ both of which are bonded to the a-carbon

Front 2

Amino group

Back 2

The —NH2 functional group

Front 3

Carboxyl group

Back 3

The —COOH functional group that dissociates to give the carboxylate anion, —COO- and a hydrogen ion

Front 4

Side chain group

Back 4

The portion of an amino acid that determines its identity; represented by the letter R

Front 5

Stereochemistry

Back 5

The branch of chemistry that deals with the three-dimentional shape of the molecules

Front 6

Chiral

Back 6

Object that is not superimposable on its mirror image; nonsuperimposable mirror images

Front 7

Achiral

Back 7

Object that is superimposable on its mirror image

Front 8

Stereoisomers

Back 8

Molecules that differ from each other only in their configuration

Front 9

Optical isomers

Back 9

Stereoisomers is also called _______

Front 10

L- and D-amino acids

Back 10

Amino acids whose stereochemistry is the same as the stereochemical standards L- and D-glyceraldehyde, respectively

Front 11

(1) polar and nonpolar nature of the side chain

(2) presence of an acidic or basic group in the side chain

Back 11

Two particular important criteria of amino acids

Front 12

Glycine

Back 12

The simplest amino acid

Front 13

Hydrogen atom

Back 13

The side chain of the simplest amino acid, glycine, is a ________

Front 14

Group 1

Back 14

Which amino acids have nonpolar side chains?

Front 15

Hydroxylysine

Back 15

Hydroxyproline and _______ differ from the parent amino acids in that they have hydroxyl groups on their side chains; found in collagen

Front 16

Hydroxylysine

Back 16

Hydroxyproline and _______ differ from the parent amino acids in that they have hydroxyl groups on their side chains; found in collagen

Front 17

Tyrosine

Back 17

Thyroxine differs from _______ in that it has an extra iodine-containing aromatic group on the side chain; it is produced only in the thyroid gland

Front 18

Proteolysis

Back 18

Thyroxine is released as a hormone by _______ of thyroglobin

Front 19

Carboxylate — negatively

Amino group — positively

Back 19

In a free amino acid, the carboxyl group and amino group of the general structure are charged at neutral pH—the _______ portion negatively and the _______ positively

Front 20

Zwitterion

Back 20

Has equal positive and negative charges; in solution, it is electrically neutral

Front 21

Electrophoresis

Back 21

Method for separating molecules on the basis of the ratio of charge to size (or in an electric field)

Front 22

Isoelectric pH (pI)

Back 22

The pH at which a molecule has no net charge

Front 23

Isoelectric point

Back 23

Isoelectric pH is also known as the _______

Front 24

Residues

Back 24

Portions of monomer units included in polymers after splitting out water between the linked monomers

Front 25

Peptide bond

Back 25

An amide bond between amino acids in a protein

Front 26

Peptides

Back 26

Molecules formed by linking two to several dozen amino acids by amide bonds

Front 27

Polypeptide chain

Back 27

The backbone of a protein; formed by linking amino acids by peptide (amide) bonds

Front 28

Resonance structures

Back 28

Structural formulas that differ from each other only in the position of electrons

Front 29

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Back 29

Two well-known examples with many structural features in common; each of these peptides contains nine (9) amino acid residues

Front 30

Glycine

Alanine

Valine

Leucine

Isoleucine

Proline

Phenylalanine

Tryptophan

Methionine

Back 30

Group of amino acids that has nonpolar chains consists of _______

Hint 30

GAVLIPPTM

Front 31

(1) bond between the a-carbon and the amino nitrogen

(2) bond between thr a-carbon and carboxyl carbon

Back 31

Two bonds with reasonably free rotation: