Carbohydrates

Front 1

Biochemistry

Back 1

The study of chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other.

Front 2

Biochemcal substances

Back 2

A chemical substance found within the living organism

Front 3

Bioinorganic and bioorganic substances.

Back 3

Biochemical substances

Front 4

Bioinorganic substances

Back 4

70% water and 5% inorganic salts

Front 5

Bioorganic substances

Back 5

15% proteins, 8% lipids, 2% Carbohydrates and 25% nucleic acids

Front 6

Carbohydrates

Back 6

The most abundant class of bioorganic molecules on planet earth. Constiute about 75% by mass of dry plant materials.

Front 7

Cellulose

Back 7

Serves as structural elements

Front 8

Starch

Back 8

Provide energy reserves for plants

Front 9

2/3rds carbohydrates by mass

Back 9

Average human diet

Front 10

Carbohydrate oxidation

Back 10

Provides energy

Front 11

Glycogen

Back 11

Provides short term energy reserve

Front 12

Carbos linked to lipids

Back 12

Structural components of a call membranes

Front 13

Carbos linked to protiens

Back 13

Function in a variety of cell-cell and cell-molecule recognition processes.

Front 14

Polyhydrocxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones

Back 14

What carbohydrates yields upon hydrolysis

Front 15

Monosaccharides

Back 15

A carbohydrate that contains a single polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone unit.

Front 16

Oligosaccharides

Back 16

A carbohydrate that contains two to ten monosaccharide units covalently bonded to each other.

Front 17

Disaccharides

Back 17

A carbohydrate that contains two monosaccharide units covalently bonded to each other.

Front 18

Polysaccharides

Back 18

A polymeric carbohydrate that contains many monosaccharide units covalently bonded to each other.

Front 19

Handedness

Back 19

An important general structural property which most monosaccharides exhibit.

Front 20

Mirror image

Back 20

Is the reflection of an object in a mirror.

Front 21

Superimposable mirror images

Back 21

Are images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other.

Front 22

Nonsuperimposable images

Back 22

Are images where not all pints coincide when the images are laid upon each other.

Front 23

Cheir means hand

Back 23

Greek word for chiral.

Front 24

Chiral center.

Back 24

Is an atom in a molecule that has your different groups tetrahedraly bonded to it.

Front 25

Chiral molecule

Back 25

Is a molecule whose mirror images are not superimposable.

Front 26

Achiral molecules

Back 26

A molecule whose mirror images are superimposable.

Front 27

Right handed

Back 27

Naturally occuring monosaccharides are almost always .....

Front 28

Right handed monosaccharides

Back 28

Plants, our dietary source of carbohydrates, produces only ....

Front 29

Left handed molecules

Back 29

Amino acids, biding blocks of protein, are always ...

Front 30

Sterioisomers

Back 30

Are isomers that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of atoms in space.

Front 31

Structural rigidity

Back 31

Is caused by restricted rotation about chemical bonds.

Front 32

Enantiomers

Back 32

Are sterioisomers whose molecules are nonsuoerimposable mirror images of each other.

Front 33

Enantios which means opposite

Back 33

Greek word of enantiomer

Front 34

Diastereomers

Back 34

Are sterioisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other.

Front 35

Fischer projection formula

Back 35

A two dimensional structural notation for showing the spatial arrangement of groups about chiral centres in molecules.

Front 36

Herman Emil Fischer

Back 36

A German chemist that developed the two dimensional system for specyfiying chirality.

Front 37

Glyceraldehyde

Back 37

The smallest monosaccharide that has a chiral centre.

Front 38

Epimers

Back 38

Are diastereomers whose molecules differ only in the configuration at one chiral centers.

Front 39

Aldose

Back 39

A monosaccharide that contains an aldehyde functional group

Front 40

Ketose

Back 40

A monosaccharide that contains a ketone functional group.

Front 41

1. D and L isomerism

2. Epimerism

3. Aldo-keto isomerism

4. Anomerism

Back 41

Four common types of isomerism in carbohydrates.

Front 42

Haworth projection formula

Back 42

A two dimensional structural notation that specifies the three dimensional structure of a cyclic form of a monosaccharide.

Front 43

Walter Norman Haworth

Back 43

A british carbohydrate chemist who developed Haworth projection formulas.