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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What comprises the male reproductive anatomy? |
testicles epididymis deferment duct spermatic cord urethra penis prostate gland bulbourethral gland |
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name the male canine reproductive tract |
picture |
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name the male feline reproductive tract |
picture |
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where are the testicles found? |
outside the abdomen in the scrotum between the hindlimbs of the dog. Divided into two sacs |
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why are they found outside the abdomen? |
it is slightly lower than core temperature so allowes spermatogenesis. |
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what is the darts muscle? |
found int he walls of the scrotum maintains the testicles temperature by contracting and relaxing |
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what is the tunica vaginallis? |
double layer of peritoneum wrapped around each testis. |
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what are seminiferous tubules?? |
they make up most of the testicular tissue and forms ducts. they are lined by spermatogenic and sertoli cells. |
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what are sertoli cells? |
these secrete oestrogen and nutrients which prolong the survival of sperm. |
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what are leydig cells (interstitial cells)? |
found lying between the tubules are the cells of leading. they secrete testosterone and are under the control of interstitial cells stimulating hormone (ICSH) produced by the anterior pituitary gland. |
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what are spermatogenic cells? |
these divide by meiosis to produce immature sperm or spermatids, each spermatid contains the haploid number of chromosomes |
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where do the efferent ducts drain? |
epididymis which lie along the dorsolateral border of the testis |
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what is the caudal epidymis? |
the tail which is attached to the caudal part of the testis, this is the coolest point and where sperm is stored and undergoes maturation ready for fertilisation. |
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what is the testicular artery? |
the main blood supply to the testicles. it runs alongside the epididymis and then devided to dorm the pampniform plexus. |
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what is the pampiniform plexus? |
a capillary network ensuring that the blood is cooled before it enter the testicular tissue |
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how do the male gonads develop? |
the male gonad develops inside the abdomen close to the kidney a band of tissue known as the gubernaclum from and runs from the caudal end of each testis to the inside of the developing actual sac. This contracts which pulls caudally towards the scrotal sac. they leave the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal which wraps the testis forming the tunica vagianllis. |
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when should testis be palatable? |
puppy at 12 weeks of age kitten at 10-12 weeks of age. |
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what is monorchid? |
term used for when one testis is retained |
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what is bilateral cryptorchid? |
term used for when both testis are retained. |
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what is the epididymis ? |
located at the caudal end of the outer surface of the testis. sperm are produced in the testical and are transported to the epididymis through ducts for storage and maturation. |
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what is the deferent duct? |
transports sperm from the epididymis to enter the urethra at the neck of the bladder. during ejaculation the sperm and fluid produced in the seminiferous tubules are propelled along the epididymis and up the deferent duct which joins the urethra. this whole area is surrounded by the prostate gland. |
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what is the spermatic cord? |
travels from the epididymis to the abdomen. it is surrounded by the tunica vaginallis. The deferent duct, testicular artery and vein, lymphatic vessels, nerves and cremaster muscle are all found here. |
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what is the cremaster muscle? |
this muscle derives from the internal abdominal oblique muscles. Contraction of this muscle raises the testes closer to the body in response to cold and works in conjunction with the darts muscle to maintain a constant bod temperature for the testes. |
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where is the urethra (Male)? |
it starts at the neck of the bladder and runs caudally to the floor of the pelvis. AS it leaves the ischial arch it continues as the tubular part of the penis. the urethra can be considered to have a pelvic and a penile part. |
