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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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specific risk factors for lung cancer
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Leading cause: cigarette smoking
Others: asbestos, pollution, radon gas, heavy metal exposure |
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Solid Tumors – Treatment Approaches
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Surgery
Radiation therapy Drug therapy Cytotoxic chemotherapy (non-specific) Targeted therapy Hormones Palliative care |
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Leading cause of cancer death
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lung cancer
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Histologic Subtypes of lung cancer
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Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (-Adenocarcinoma -Large cell -Squamous cell) |
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referred to as “oat cell” carcinoma
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SCLC
-Strongly linked with smoking -Rapidly growing, metastasize early in disease |
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Metastatic sites for SCLC
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brain, bones, adrenals, liver, other lung, spinal cord
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Squamous cell NSCLC
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Closely linked with smoking
Central bronchi origin Hypercalcemia |
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-Most common type overall and most common in nonsmokers
-Found in peripheral portions of lung |
Adenocarcinoma NSCLC
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Characteristics of
Large Cell NSCLC |
Peripheral portions of lung
Poorly differentiated Poor prognosis |
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Metastatic sites for NSCLC
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lymph nodes, bone, liver, adrenals
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Systemic symptoms of lung cancer
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anorexia, weight loss
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Treatment of lung cancer
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SCLC – combination chemotherapy/targeted therapy +/- radiation
NSCLC – SURGERY FOR EARLY stage +/- radiation; chemotherapy or targeted therapy for advanced |
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Adenomatous polyps (adenomas) Colorectal Cancer
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Benign growths – may be premalignant
Frequency increases with age Equal distribution between men and women Removal significantly reduces risk of colorectal cancer |
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Aspirin and COX-2 NSAIDs appear to reduce risk in which type of cancer
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Colorectal Cancer
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which type of lung cancer can not be expressed by the TNM Staging sysyem
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SCLC-Frequently secretes polypeptides ;Paraneoplastic
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Colorectal Cancer Presentation
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Bleeding
Change in bowel habits Pain |
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What does T stand for in colrectal cancer TNM Staging?
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TNM
“T” relates to degree of invasion into bowel wall |
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Metastatic sites for colrectal cancer
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lymph nodes, liver
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Most common cancer in men
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Prostate Cancer
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Most common type of cancer in women
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Breast Cancer
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Most common type of lung cancer overall and most common in nonsmokers
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Adenocarcinoma
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True or False.Breast Cancer is painless, firm, fixed lesion
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True
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Solid Tumors
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Lung Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Prostate Cancer Breast Cancer |
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Presentation of localized prostate cancer
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urinary urgency, frequency, hesitancy, nocturia, hematuria
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prostate cancer Staging
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Staging: bone scan, physical exam
T1 asymptomatic T2 palpable by DRE T3 beyond capsule T4 invading adjacent structures |
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In prostate cancer,
Grade 0 refers to ----------while Grade 5 refers -----------------. |
Well differentiated;
Poorly differentiated |
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prostate cancer treatment
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Treatment:
Surgery – radical prostatectomy Radiation Hormonal manipulation Orchiectomy Androgen deprivation GnRH analogs Antiandrogens Palliation and symptom management |
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Adjuvant hormone or chemotherapy of breast cancer depends on
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Hormone receptors
Menopausal status Lymph nodes |
