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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hyperplasia
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increase in number of cells (reversible)
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metaplasia
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cell replaced but another cell type
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dysplasia
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abnormal growth with loss of cellular orientation, shape and size in comparison to normal tissue maturation; commonly preneoplastic
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anaplasia
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abnormal cells lacking differentiation; like primative cells of same tissue, often equated with undifferentiated malignant neoplasms
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neoplasia
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a clonical proliferation of cells that is controlled and excessive
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anaplastic cells
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increased N:C ratio
prominent nucleoli nuclear chromatic clumping many mitotic figures |
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tumor grade
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based on histologic appearance of tumor
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tumor stage
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degree of localization/spread based on site and size of primary lesion, spread to regional lymph nodes, presence of mets
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benign tumors
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orderly growth, don't invade basement membrane, no mets, mature, well diff
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malignant tumors
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disorganized growht, might invade basement membrane, maybe mets, immature undiff
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epithelial tumor spread
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lymph
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mesenchyme tumor spread
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hematogenous
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male cancer incidence
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prostate, lung, colon and rectum
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male cancer death
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lung and prostate
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female cancer incidence
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breast, lung, colon and rectum
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female cancer death
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lung and breast
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aflatoxins (from Asp mold)
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hepatocellular carc
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vinyl chloride
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angiosarcoma
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CCl4
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centrilobular necrosis, fatty change
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nitrosamines
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esophagus, stomach
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cigarette smoke
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larynx, lung, bladder, cervical, pancr
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asbestos
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mesothelioma and bronchogenic
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arsenic
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sq cell carc
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naphthalene (aniline) dyes
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transitional cell carc
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alkylating agents
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leukemia
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small cell lung carcinoma
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ACTH-->Cushings
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small cell lung carcinom and intracranial neoplasms
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ADH --> SIADH
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squamous cell lung carc, renal cell carc, breast carc, MM, bone mets
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PTH related peptide, TGF-B, TNF-A, IL1-->hypercalcemia
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renal cell carc, hemangioblastoma
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EPO-->polycythemia
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Thymoma, small cell lung carc
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AB against presynaptic Ca channels at NMJ --> Lambert Eaton syndrome (improves with use)
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leukemias and lymphomas
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hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover-->gout, urate nephropathy
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mets to brain
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lung, breast, melanoma, kidney, GI
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mets to liver
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lung, breast, colon, stomach, pancreas
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mets to bone
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lung, breast, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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HTLV1 virus
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adult T cell leukemia
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HBV, HCV
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hepatocellular carc
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EBV
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burkitts, nasopharnygeal
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HPV
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cervical, penile, anal
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HHV 8
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Kaposis, body cavity fuild B cell lymphoma
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S bovis
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colon cancer
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H pylori
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gastric cancer
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Schistosoma
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bladder cancer
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clonarchis senesis
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biliary cancer
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