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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a unitary system? |
A political system featuring a central government that chooses what powers to devolve to regional bodies. |
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What is devolution? |
The act of transferring, or devolving powers from a central government to regional or local governments that remain under its constitutional purview. |
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What is federalism? |
A constitution-based division of powers between two or more orders of government. |
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What is sovereignty? |
The power to exercise government authority over a polity within a defined geographical area. |
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What does divided crown mean? |
A monarchy whose sovereignty is split among different orders of government. |
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What is decentralized federalism? |
A federal system of government where the regional units have considerable power. |
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What is centralized federalism? |
A federal system of government where the national government has considerable power. |
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What is reservation? |
The constitutional power of the federal government to withhold the passage of provincial legislation, so as to cause short-term or permanent delay. |
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What is disallowance? |
The constitutional power of the federal government to veto provincial legislation and cause its determination. |
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What does POGG stand for? |
The acronym for the constitutional objective of "peace, order, and good government." |
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What is declaratory power? |
The authority of the federal government to decide that an issue falls within its jurisdiction. |
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What are residual powers? |
Any powers not specifically identified in the constitution, which default to the federal government. |
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What is federal spending power? |
The capacity of the federal government to spend its available funds, even on areas that fall outside its constitutional jurisdiction. |
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What is appointment power? |
The authority to decide who should be selected to fill a government position. |
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What is classical federalism? |
A model of federalism in which federal and provincial governments operate independently of each other in their own respective areas of jurisdiction. |
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What is co-operative federalism? |
A model of federalism in which federal and provincial governments work together to solve public-policy problems. |
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What is collaborative federalism? |
A model of federalism in which provincial governments take the lead to solve common public policy problems together. |
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What is the Council of the Federation? |
An organization that supports regular meetings among provincial and territorial premiers. |
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What is emergency federalism? |
A model of federalism in which the federal government assumes control in a national crisis. |
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What is symmetrical federalism? |
A model of federalism in which provincial governments are entitled to equal powers. |
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What is asymmetrical federalism? |
A model of federalism in which jurisdictional powers are distributed unequally among provinces. |
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What is treaty federalism? |
A model of federalism recognizing the equal order relationship between First Nations and the Crown. |
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What is a social safety net? |
Government-funded social welfare programs designed to assist citizens in their time of need. |
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What is fiscal federalism? |
The manner in which revenues and responsibilities are distributed among various orders and governments. |
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What is a horizontal fiscal gap? |
Inter-provincial revenue disparities. |
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What is a horizontal fiscal imbalance? |
A situation in which some provinces have greater capacity to fund their constitutional responsibilities than others. |
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What is a vertical fiscal gap? |
A revenue disparity between the federal and provincial orders of government/ |
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What is a vertical fiscal imbalance? |
The federal government has an excess of revenue, and the provinces an excess of responsibilities, with respect to their constitutional obligations and fiscal capacities. |
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What is equalization? |
A federal transfer program that is designed to lessen the fiscal disparities among provinces. |
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What are conditional grants? |
Federal transfers to the provinces that may only be used for a specific purpose, and are subject to federal government restrictions or standards. |
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What is the Canada Health Act? |
Federal legislation imposing conditions on provincial governments for the expenditure of funds from health transfers. |
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What are per capita transfers? |
Funds distributed to provinces based on how many people live in their jurisdictions. |
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What is executive federalism? |
A system in which the elected leaders of federal and provincial governments make public policy decisions. |
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What is functional federalism? |
A system in which civil servants conduct the bulk of intergovernmental activity. |
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What is inter-state federalism? |
A system of formal interactions among government officials and leaders. |
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What are first ministers' meetings? |
Formal gatherings of the premiers, sometimes hosted by the prime minister. |
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What is intra-state federalism? |
A system in which regional interests are represented within the institutions of the central government. |
