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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Base
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Another word for alkali
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alkali
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a substance which makes a solution that turns red litmus paper blue
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acid
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a chemical that turns litmus paper red- it can often dissolve things that water cannot
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dissolves
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When a solid mixes with a liquid so that it cannot be seen
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neutralise
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A reaction between an alkali and an acid to produce a neutral solution
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PH scale
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The range of levels of acidity or alkalinity, a pH of 7 is neutral, a pH below 7 is an acid and a pH above is an alkali
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acidic
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something with a PH below 7
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universal indicator solution
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An indicator that changes colour according to the pH of the solution.
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hydrogen
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A colourless, odorless gas that burns easily in oxygen to form water; hydrogen is the lightest element.
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hydroxide
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Chemicals containing an OH group; hydroxides are often alkaline.
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sulfuric acid
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An acid
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corrode
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metals react with the air to form powder of crystals and weaken the metal, the word rust is used when iron corrodes
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salt
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A compound made when an acid and an alkali reacts
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balanced symbol equations
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balanced forces produce no net change in the momentum of a body
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masses
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describes the amount of something, it is measured in kilograms
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relative atomic mass
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The mass of an atom or particle in comparison to the mass of hydrogen, which is taken as 1.
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relative formula masses
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The mass of a molecule in comparision to the mass of hydrogen, which is taken as 1.
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products
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Something made by a chemical reaction
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reactants
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A chemical taking part in a chemical reaction
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yield
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The ratio of product to starting materials, a high yield means that most of the starting material is converted to useful product
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percentage yield=
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actual yield divided predicted yield x 100
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elements
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A substance that cannot be split into anything simplier by chemical means
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minerals
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Natural solid materials with a fixed chemical composition and structure, rocks are made of collections of minerals; mineral nutrients in our diet are things like calcium and iron, they are simple chemicals needed for health.
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fertilisers
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A substance added to the ground by gardeners or farmers to help plants grow
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NPK
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Nitrogen, Phosphates and Potassium
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formula
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A shorthand way to show the type and amount of elements present in a compound.
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crop yield
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the mass of useful material produced by a crop
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proteins
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A group of complex molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur, they are made of one or more chains of amino acids.
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eutrophication
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Waters with very high levels of minerals, often created by fertiliser pollution, producing a very heavy growth of algae.
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nirtrogenous
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Chemicals containing nitrogen
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titration
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Adding carefully measured amounts of a solution of known concentration to an unknown one to reach an end point which will allow the reasearcher to calculate the concentration of materials in the unknown solution.
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ammonia
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an alkaline gas with the formula NH; it dissolves readily in water to make ammonium hydroxide solution
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nitrogen
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A non reactive gas that makes up most of the atmosphere
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cracking
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the breaking of lage organic molecules into smaller ones using heat, pressure and sometimes catalysts
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unreactive
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Something that doesn't react
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Haber process
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The industial process developed by Fritz Haber to make ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen
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catalyst
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a chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not used up by itself
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reversible reactions
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Is one whose direction can be changed by a change in conditions
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efficient
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An efficient device transfers most of the input energy into the desired output energy
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optimum temperature
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The temperature rate that produces the best reaction rate
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hydrophobic
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Afraid of water
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hydrophilic
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Loves water
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solvents
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The liquid that dissolves a solute to get a solution
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solute
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something that dissolves in a liquid to form a solution
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soluble
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Can dissolve in a substance
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insoluble
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Can't dissolve in a substance
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intermolecular forces
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A force between two molecules
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continuous process
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a process which can continue indefinitely if new materials are added and waste removed
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reaction vessel
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Somewhere where a rection takes place
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batch process
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a process that has a clear start and finish often used to make medicine. At the end of the process a batch of product has been made and the reaction stops.
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synthetic
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Fake
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chromatography
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The science of producing chromatograms. Can use paper or jelly like films for the soluble substances to move along.
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patents
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A law that gives the creator of an invention the sole right to make, use or sell that invention for a given period of time.
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generic
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in general
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diamond
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Allotrope of carbon
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carbon
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A very important element. Is present in all living things and forms a huge range of compounds with other elements.
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lustrous
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Having a sheen or glow; highly polished metals like gold are often described as lustrous
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opaque
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Objects that will not let light through so they make a shadow
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allotopes
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Different forms of the same element made when the atoms of the element join together in different patterns. E.G Diamond and Graphite are allotropes of Carbon
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covalent bonds
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A link between two atoms where electrons move around both atoms in the pair; tend to be strond bonds and form between non metals
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graphite
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A type of carbnon often used in pencils as lead.
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fullerenes
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A cage like arrangement of carbon atoms
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nanoparticles
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A particle that has at least one dimension that is smaller than 100 nanometres
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buckminster fullerene
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A very stable ball of 60 carbon atoms joined by covalent bonds; the whole structure looks like a geodesic dome
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nanotubes
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A molecule consisting of carbon atoms joined in a cylinder one to two nanometres in diameter and about a millimetre in length
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nanoscale
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Objects and events occuring at distances of fewer than 100 nanometres, (10'-9)
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nano properties
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The properties of materials at the nano-scale, often different to the same materials properties at the visible scale
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bulk properties
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The bulk property of a substance is one that is independant of the amount of that substance being measured E.G Density or refractive index
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delocalised
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An electron in a molecule that is not linked directly to an individual atom or covalent bond
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pollutants
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A chemical that causes pollution
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sedimentation
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Particles settling out of suspension in water
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filtration
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The process of filtering something
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chlorination
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Adding chlorine to a molecule or substance
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distillation
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Used by scientists to boil off a liquid from a mixture then cool the vapours to produce a purer substance.
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precipitate
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To fall out of solution
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ions
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A charged particle made when an atom, or groups of atoms gain or lose electrons
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renewable
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Wind power, solar and wave are all E.G's of renewable resources
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