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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Material from plants
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Cotton (cotton plant)
Wood and paper (trees) |
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Material from Animals
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Wool (sheep)
Leather (cows) Silk (silkworm) |
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Synthetic Materials
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Paints
Rubber Clothes - nylon and polyester |
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Stiffness
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How good a material is at not bending under an applied force
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Hardness
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How hard a material is to cut into
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Density
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A materials mass per unit volume
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Melting point
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The temperature where a solid turns into a liquid
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Strength
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How good a material is at resisting a force
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Tensile strength
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How good a material is at resisting a pulling force
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Compressive strength
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How good a material is at resisting a pushing force
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Properties of Plastics
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Hard, strong, stiff, low density and mouldable
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Televisions, computers and kettles
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Properties of Rubbers
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Strong, soft, flexible and mouldable
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Car tyres
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Properties of Nylon Fibres
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Soft and flexible with good tensile strength
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Ropes and clothing
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Crude Oil
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A mixture of hydrocarbons
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Intermolecular forces
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The forces of attraction between two molecules in a mixture
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Strong covalent bonds
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The bond between the atoms of the molecule
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When the crude oil is heated, the molecules have more energy and break the ________
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Intermolecular forces
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Intermolecular forces are ______ in big molecules
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Stronger
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Smaller molecules =
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Lower melting points
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You can refine crude oil by ...
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Fractional distillation
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In fractional distillation, hydrocarbons are separated into fractions with...
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Similar boiling points (and therefore similar lengths)
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Products of Fractional Distillation
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Refinery gas
Petrol Diesel Jet fuel Lubricating oil |
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Polymer
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A long chain of monomers
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High density polyethene
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Plastic milk bottles (strong and rigid)
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Low density polyethene
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Plastic bags (light and stretchable)
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What has replaced cotton, wool and silk and why?
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Nylon and polyester - lighter, more durable and cheaper
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What has replaced wood and why?
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PVC - strong and durable
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Affect of increasing chain length
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Higher melting point and stiffer
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Affect of cross links
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Make bonds between the chains - makes it stiffer, stronger and more heat resistant
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Affect of adding a plasticiser
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Weakens bonds between polymer chains - softer and easier to shape
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Affect of a crystalline structure
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Chains fit together closely - higher density, stronger and higher melting point
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Nanoparticle
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A really tiny particle, 1-100 nanometers wide
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Examples of nanotechnology
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Plasters - antibacterial properties
Sports equipment - strong but doesn't add weight |
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