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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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how long does it take fossil fuels to form |
millions of years |
dinosaurs |
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where is crude oil found |
Earths crust |
thin layer |
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How is it extracted out of the Earth? |
pumped |
pump |
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How is it transported to refineries |
pipelines or oil tankers |
trucks and underground |
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what are the effects of oil slicks |
harm and damage to the environment and wildlife i.e birds wings get stuck together. |
dangerous stuff |
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what are the problems associated with the finite nature of crude oil |
All the readily available resources will be used up in the near future Finding replacements conflict between making petrochemicals and fuels |
resources replacements conflict |
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what are the political problems associated with the terms of oil exploitation |
the UK is dependant on oil from politically unstable countries future supply issues |
unstable and supply |
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what breaks up oil slicks |
detergents |
washing powder |
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what is crude oil |
a mixture of many hydrocarbons |
HC |
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what happens to molecules when they are boiling |
the intermolecular forces break but the covalent bonds within the molecule do not |
intermolecular fall out but covalent stay together |
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what is the cracking process? |
converts large alkane molecules into smaller alkenes and alkanes and makes useful alkene molecules that can be turned into polymers |
alkanes break up --> alkanes & alkenes alkenes into polymers |
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how does cracking help refineries |
to match its supply of useful products such as petrol with the demand for them |
demand and supply |
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what is a hydrocarbon made from |
a compound formed between carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms only |
break down its name Hydro.. |
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what is a saturated compound |
a compound which only contains single covalent bonds between carbon atoms |
alkane |
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what is an unsaturated compound |
a compound which contains at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms |
alkene |
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how many pairs of electrons does double bonds share |
2 |
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explain the reaction between bromine and alkenes |
addition reaction then a formation of colourless dibromo compound |
dibromo compound |
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How is the reaction with bromine used to test for an alkene |
Bromine water is orange then is declorourised |
Colour then nothing |
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What is polymerisation |
A process in which many alkene monomer molecules react together to give a polymer which requires high pressure and a catalyst |
Alkene Pressure Catalyst |
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what are the properties of some plastics prt 1 |
plastics have weak intermolecular forces between polymer molecules have a low melting point easily stretched as polymer molecules can slide over one another. |
weak low melting slidey and stretchy |
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what are the properties of some plastics prt 2 |
plastics have strong forces between the polymer molecules (covalent bonds) have high melting points cannot be stretched and are rigid |
covalent bonds high melting rigid |
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nylon properties |
is tough, lightweight, keeps water out and keeps UV light out BUT it doesn't let water vapour through i.e sweat |
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Gore-Tex properties |
all the properties of nylon but is also breathable |
better than nylon |
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why is Gore-Tex water proof yet breathable |
its coated in PTFE holes are too small to let water in but water vapour can pass through. the membrane is too fragile so is combined with nylon |
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why has the discovery of Gore-Tex helped? |
people who do active things outside are waterproof but can also sweat comfortably because its breathable. |
breathable not sweaty not wet
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why are chemists developing new types of polymers that re biodegradable? |
These plastics contain special parts which dissolve easily and break up the polymer chain. |
dissolve |
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what are environmental issues related to the use and disposal of polymers? |
most plastics aren't biodegradable so they won't be broken down by bacteria or decay. waste valuable resources produces air pollution burning them and can produce toxic fumes. |
toxic wastes bacteria |
