C D 477 - Ch 4

Front 1

aphasia

Back 1

multimodal (ie. speak, write, understand) deficit in language abilities secondary to brain damage

Front 2

apraxia

Back 2

deficit in execution of learned, voluntary movements secondary to brain damage

Front 3

ataxia

Back 3

loss of coordination of movements, especially voluntary movements often result from damage to cerebellar system

Front 4

bradykinesia

Back 4

slow moement

Front 5

clonic movements

Back 5

spasmodic alterations in antagonistic muscles, which cause structure to move rhythmically bath and forth

Front 6

comorbidies

Back 6

diseases or clinical problems coexist with primary clinical problem

Front 7

cortical plasticity

Back 7

ability of cortex change or reorganize so functions may recover

Front 8

dysarthria

Back 8

"inability to utter", commonly refers to one of a group of motor speech disorders resulting from neurologic disease or disorder

Front 9

dystonias

Back 9

group of movement disorders characterized by prolonged muscle contractions causing twisting and turning movements or abnormal postures

Front 10

electromyography

Back 10

technique to measure electrical activity produced by muscles during contraction

Front 11

emotional lability

Back 11

sudden and inappropriate change in emotions sometimes seen in patients with neurologic damage; emotional change is out of character and inappropriate for situation (eg. crying after hearing funny joke)

Front 12

gastroparesis

Back 12

weakness of gut contributing to poor motility of digestive system, often seen as poor emptying of the stomach

Front 13

hypotonia

Back 13

reduced or low muscle tone contributing to weakness

Front 14

intention tremor

Back 14

tremor (ie. plasic movement of body part) seen in initiation of movement but not at rest

Front 15

lower motoneurons

Back 15

peripheral motor nerves course from cell body in brain stem or spinal cord and proceed to muscles; damage to motoneurons causes flaccid paralysis

Front 16

micrographia

Back 16

writing deficit often seen in Parkinson's Disease patients characterized by very small letters that may be run together

Front 17

myoneural junction

Back 17

connection (synapse) between lower motoneurons (neural) and muscle (myo)

Front 18

myopathies

Back 18

pathologic diseases of striated muscles

Front 19

neglect

Back 19

impairment in sensory processing where individual doesn't attend to one side of body

Front 20

ptosis

Back 20

drooping of organ, most commonly referring to drooping eyelid

Front 21

resting tremor

Back 21

tremor (ie. plasic movement of body part) seen at rest; during movement, tremor may diminish or exacerbate depending on underlying neurologic cause

Front 22

rigidity

Back 22

inability to bend or move, often result of excessive muscle tone as in Parkinson's Disease

Front 23

tracheostomy

Back 23

surgical procedure which trachea exposed and opened to create airway opening in anterior neck (tracheostoma); commonly associated with tube (tracheostomy tube) inserted into open trachea

Front 24

upper motoneurons

Back 24

motor nerves arising in motor areas of cortex and coursing to brainstem or spinal cord where they synapse with lower motoneurons; damage to upper motoneurons contributes to spastic weakness

Front 25

ventilator

Back 25

mechanical device used for artificial ventilation (breathing) of lungs