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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is ethical relativism |
When any two cultures or any two people hold different moral views of an action, both can be right. An action may be right for one person or society and may be wrong for another person or society. |
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What are Lawrence Kohlberg's three level's of moral development? |
Level 1 Preconventional - Punishment and reward Level 2 Conventional - First stage is Good girl/Nice boy (a person reacts to expectations of parents and peers). Second stage is Law and order (Conformity w/laws of society. Level 2 Post Conventional - We are able to give a moral defense of the moral principles that guide our actions. |
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What are normative ethical theories? |
Systematic attempts to explain the morality of a society in general. 1) Teleological, 2) Deontological, 3) Virtue. |
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What are teleological ethical theories? And what are two? |
Argue on the basis of ends. Consequentialist theories. 1) Ethical Egoism 2) Utilitarianism |
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What is Ethical Egoism? |
Theory that says moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interet. Can be personal (only I should act from the motive of self-interest) or impersonal (the pursuit of self-interest should motivate everyone's behavior). |
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What is utilitarianism?
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Ethical theory that says we need to maximize the good and minimize the bad for the most number of people over time. |
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What is the difference between act and rule utilitarianism? |
In act utilitarianism, each situation is evaluated. In rule utilitarianism, certain actions will always result in the most utility (or prima facie). |
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What are deontological ethical theories? And name them. |
Deontological ethical theories are nonconsequentialist theories and are duty based. 1) Kantian 2) Ethic of care 3) Judeo-Christian or Theological |
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Utilitarian Thought |
Maximizes the good, minimizes the bad for the greatest number of people over time. Can be: Act utilitarian or rule utilitarian. |
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Kantian Thought |
Does not look at consequences. Focused on the rules, rules that would hold true no matter what, no matter when. |
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Categorical Imperative |
Act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Two principles: 1) Universalizability 2) Reversibility-It must hold for you as an individual too, what if you were treated this way. |
