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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Streptococcal Pharyngitis (aka Strep throat) |
Respiratory BACTERIA Streptococcus pyogenes reservoir: human POE: respiratory throat, tonsils pus-filled lesions RARE: acute glomerunephritis, Rheumatic fever treatment: Penicillin NO VACCINE |
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Diphtheria |
Respiratory BACTERIA Corynebacterium diphtheria reservoir: human POE: respiratory pseudomembrane, phage-infected bacteria-> exotoxins effect protein synthesis= damage to heart, kidneys, nervous system treatment: antitoxin, PCN, Erythromycin YES VACCINE! |
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Common Cold
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Respiratory VIRUS rhinovirus res: human fomites,aerosols POE: nose/mouth inflammation mucous membranes, sneezing treatment: symptomatic NO VACCINE |
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Cryptococcosis
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Respiratory FUNGUS Filobasidiella neoformans res: BIRDS skin, nose, mouth mild respiratory symptoms, often affects meninges! treatment: antifungals NO VACCINE |
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Pneumococcal Pneumonia
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Respiratory BACTERIA Streptococcus pneumoniae res: human resp. droplets sudden, high fever, bloody sputum treatment: Penicillin YES VACCINE |
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Klebsiella Pneumonia
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Respiratory BACTERIA Klebsiella pneumoniae res: human respiratory chronic ulcerative lesions in lungs, 50%mortality, currant-jelly sputum treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
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Respiratory BACTERIA Mycoplasma pneumoniae res: human respiratory droplets mildest pneumonia, few symptoms, fever, malaise treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Pertussis (aka Whooping cough) |
Respiratory BACTERIA Bordatella pertussis res: human respiratory droplets endo- and exo-toxins kill ciliated epithelial cells= mucous build up-lungs. violent cough "whooping" treatment: antibacterials, antitoxin YES VACCINE |
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Tuberculosis
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Respiratory BACTERIA Mycobacterium tuberculosis res: human respiratory droplet nuclei tubercles (chronic granulomas in lungs) latent state possible treatment: Isoniazid, rifampin YES VACCINE |
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Legionnaire's disease
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Respiratory BACTERIA Legionella pneumophilia res: soil/water aerosol particles nose/mouth fever/chills, vomiting/diarrhea, fluid in lungs from water sources (humidifiers, A/C, etc.) treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Influenza
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Respiratory VIRUS influenza virus res: mammals resp droplets/contact w secretions antigenic variations! (always changing) head/body aches, fever, resp. symptoms treatment: antivirals YES VACCINE |
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Hantavirus
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Respiratory VIRUS sin nombre res: rodents respiratory(inhale feces) sudden! death within hours. also renal and hemorrhagic symptoms treatment: none NO VACCINE |
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Coccidioidomycosis (aka Valley Fever) |
Respiratory FUNGUS Coccidioides immitis res: DUST (fecal spores) inhale spores flu-like symptoms, CAN affect meninges! treatment: antifungals NO VACCINE |
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Histoplasmosis (aka Spelunker's disease) |
Respiratory FUNGUS Histoplasma capsulatum res: chickens and bats inhale fecal spores granulotomatous lesions in lungs and spleen treatment: antifungals NO VACCINE |
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Folliculitis
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Skin BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus res: humans through hair follicle, skin/fomites furuncles, carbuncles, abscesses treatment: anti-staph meds NO VACCINE |
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SSSS Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome |
Skin BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus certain strains produce exotoxin= exfolatin skin layers peel off. CAN go systemic! treatment: anti-staph meds NO VACCINE |
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Impetigo
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skin BACTERIA Streptococcus res: direct contact lesions crust over RARE: acute glomerulonephritis, Rheumatic fever treatment: Penicillin NO VACCINE |
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Varicella (Chicken pox) |
skin VIRUS varicella-zoster virus res: human respiratory OR direct contact-lesions rash- lesions that crust over, latent=Shingles treatment: antivirals YES VACCINE |
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Rubeola (Measles) |
skin VIRUS rubeola virus res: human respiratory Koplik's spots, red raised rash, 6-8 yrs later -> RARE: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis treatment: none YES VACCINE |
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Rubella (German Measles) |
skin VIRUS rubella virus res: human respiratory crosses placenta= fetal deformities mild, pink flat rash treatment: none YES VACCINE |
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Dermatomycoses
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skin FUNGUS dermatophytes res: human spores/direct contact red, moist, scaly border rash, itch treatment: antifungals NO VACCINE |
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Dental Caries (cavities) |
upper GI BACTERIA Streptococcus mutans res: humans bacteria ferments sugar and produce acid that eats away enamel. treatment: none brush/floss NO VACCINE |
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Gastritis
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upper GI BACTERIA Helicobacter pylori res: unknown causes ulcers from ammonia produced (to tolerate stomach pH) treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Mumps
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upper GI VIRUS mumps virus (paramyxovirus) res: human saliva/drop respiratory or oral cavity affects parotid salivary gland, testes and meninges treatment: none YES VACCINE |
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Cholera
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lower GI BACTERIA Vibrio cholera res:human fecal/water oral enterotoxin, shreds intestinal lining and sloughs 22L fluid loss/day treatment: fluid replacement YES VACCINE |
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Shigellosis
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lower GI BACTERIA Shigella FOOD produces Shiga toxin (neurotoxin) RARE: hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) *kidney failure* treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Enterohemorrhagic enteritis
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lower GI BACTERIA E. coli O157:H7 res: cow manure POE: mouth/food produces Shiga 1 and 2, bloody diarrhea treatment: antibacterials NO VACCINE |
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Salmonellosis
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lower GI BACTERIA Salmonella res: poultry, rodents, reptiles PEO: mouth/food can get into blood=sepsis treatment: self limiting NO VACCINE |
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Giardiasis
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lower GI PROTOZOAN Giardia lambdia res: mammals food/water/feces mouth adhesive disk-attaches to intestinal lining. water cysts: diarrhea treatment: metronidazole NO VACCINE |
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Botulism
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lower GI BACTERIA Clostridim botulinum foodborne canned foods neurotoxin produced, affects Ach= no muscle contractions= paralysis treatment: antitoxin NO VACCINE |
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FOODBORNE DISEASES
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Botulism Salmonellosis Shigellosis Enterohemorrhagic enteritis |
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UPPER GI NORMAL MICROFLORA
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(oral cavity: esophagus: pharynx: stomach) Lactobacillus Streptococcus Staphylococcus epidermidis Candida |
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LOWER GI NORMAL MICROFLORA
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(small and large intestine) Lactobacillus, Streptococcus Staphylococcus epidermidis E.coli Clostridium Bacteroides Enterococcus |
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UPPER RESPIRATORY NORMAL MICROFLORA
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(nose, to pharynx) Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis corynebacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae |
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LOWER RESPIRATORY NORMAL MICROFLORA
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(lungs... anything past pharynx) none! mucociliary escalator and macrophages eat bacteria |
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SKIN NORMAL MICROFLORA
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Staphylococcus epidermidis Micrococcus Corynebacterium Propionibacterium |
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DISEASES WITH VACCINES
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Chicken pox Cholera (not used in US) Diphtheria Influenza Measles, Mumps, Rubella Pertussis Pneumococcal pneumonia Tuberculosis |
