Bsc2010 Chapter 2.1

Front 1

Anion

Back 1

Negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons

Front 2

Atomic mass

Back 2

Calculated mean of the mass number for an elements isotopes

Front 3

Atomic number

Back 3

Total number of protons in an atom

Front 4

Balanced chemical equation

Back 4

Statement of chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants

Front 5

Cation

Back 5

Positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons

Front 6

Chemical bond

Back 6

Interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in forming molecules

Front 7

Chemical reaction

Back 7

Process leading to rearranging atoms in molecules

Front 8

Chemical reactivity

Back 8

The ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other

Front 9

Compound

Back 9

Substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements

Front 10

Covalent bond

Back 10

Type of strong bond formed between two atoms if the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between atoms

Front 11

Electrolyte

Back 11

Ion necessary for nerve I'm pi ylse conduction, muscle contractions, and water balance

Front 12

Electron

Back 12

Negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has negative charge of -1 unit

Front 13

Electron configuration

Back 13

Arrangement oc electrons in an atoms electron shell (1s2^2s2^2p6^)

Front 14

Electron orbital

Back 14

How electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where we are most likely to find an electron

Front 15

Electron transfer

Back 15

Movement of electrons from one element to anither; important in creating ionic bonds

Front 16

Electronegativity

Back 16

Ability of some elements to attract electrons (often hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms

Front 17

Element

Back 17

One of 118 unique substances that cannot break down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons.

Front 18

Equilibrium

Back 18

Steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system

Front 19

Hydrogen bond

Back 19

Weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms and slightly negatively charged atoms in other molecules

Front 20

Inert gas (noble gas)

Back 20

Element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms

Front 21

Ion

Back 21

Atom or chemical group that does bit contain equal number of protons and electrons

Front 22

Ionic bond

Back 22

Chemical bind that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

Front 23

Irreversible chemical reaction

Back 23

Chemical reaction where reactants proceed unidirectionally to form products

Front 24

Isotope

Back 24

One of more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

Front 25

Law of mass action

Back 25

Chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substance

Front 26

Mass number

Back 26

Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 27

Matter

Back 27

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 28

Molecule

Back 28

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together

Front 29

Neutron

Back 29

Uncharged particle that resides in an atom nucleus; has a mass of one amu

Front 30

Nonpolar covalent bond

Back 30

Type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

Front 31

Nucleus

Back 31

Core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

Front 32

Octet rule

Back 32

Rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells

Front 33

Orbital

Back 33

Region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons

Front 34

Polar covalent bonds

Back 34

Type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal electron sharing, resulting in creating slightly positive and negative charged molecule regions.

Front 35

Product

Back 35

Molecule that is result of chemical reaction

Front 36

Proton

Back 36

Positively charged particle that resides in the atoms nucleus ; has a mass of one amu and a charge of +1

Front 37

Radioisotope

Back 37

Isotope that emits radiation comprised of subatomic particles to form more stable elements

Front 38

Reversible chemical reaction

Back 38

Chemical reaction that functions bidirectionally, where products may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough

Front 39

Valence shell

Back 39

Outermost shell of an atom

Front 40

Van der walls interaction

Back 40

Very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges attracting atoms that are very close together