Chemistry Chang Chapter Two

Front 1

what is dalton's atomic theory?

Back 1

all matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms. Compounds contain atoms from different compounds, all atoms of the same element are identical. Compounds are always in whole number ratios. atoms can neither be created or destroyed.

Front 2

law of conservation of mass

Back 2

atoms are neither created no destroyed

Front 3

law of definite proportions

Back 3

atoms of constituent elements are always combined in the same proportions by mass

Front 4

law of multiple proportions

Back 4

when two elements combine to form more than one type of compound, the masses of one element with a fixed mass to the other element are in a ratio of small whole numbers

Front 5

atomic number

Back 5

number of protons

Front 6

mass number

Back 6

protons + neutrons

Front 7

atomic mass

Back 7

mass of an atom in an element measured in amu or daltons, or moles.

Front 8

molecular compounds characteristics

Back 8

1. smallest units are discrete, individual molecules. 2. covalent not ionic bonds 3. combine two nonmetallic elements

Front 9

ionic compounds characteristics

Back 9

1. positive and negative ions are held together by mutual attraction. no covalent bonds. 2. combine metal cations and nonmetallic anions.

Front 10

naming ionic compounds

Back 10

metal cation metallic name followed by the nonmetal anion name with -ide. no prefixes.

Front 11

naming binary molecular compounds

Back 11

1. H excepted, the elements are written in order of most atoms.
2. number of atoms are given a prefix, mono- di- etc. except for the first element if it is a single atom.

Front 12

what is the procedure thwn metals have more than one ionic charge?

Back 12

roman numerals are used.

Front 13

aluminum

Back 13

(Al) 3+

Front 14

ammonium

Back 14

(NH4)+

Front 15

barium

Back 15

Ba) 2+

Front 16

Cd

Back 16

Cd2+

Hint 16

Caddie makes how many people on the golf course?

Front 17

Ca

Back 17

Ca2+

Hint 17

Carrie has how many brain cells?

Front 18

Cs

Back 18

Cs+

Front 19

Cr

Back 19

Cr3+

Hint 19

Crazy Sexy Cool

Front 20

Co

Back 20

Co2+*

Hint 20

cocks have how many balls? how many sexual organs if the guy is a dickhead?

Front 21

Cu

Back 21

Cu+/2+

Hint 21

cultivated women should have 2 or at least 1 degree

Front 22

H

Back 22

H+

Front 23

Fe

Back 23

Fe+2/+3

Hint 23

Feet there are 2 or three if foot in mouth

Front 24

Pb

Back 24

2+*

Hint 24

how many drinks do i take to get dunk in the pub?

Front 25

Li

Back 25

Li+

Hint 25

Lite

Front 26

Mg

Back 26

Mg2+

Hint 26

Maggie has how many siblings?>

Front 27

Mn

Back 27

Mn2+*

Hint 27

Meningicoccol must be treated with antibiotics within 2 hours

Front 28

Hg

Back 28

HG2)2+ / 2+

Hint 28

hug 2 people

Front 29

K

Back 29

K+

Hint 29

Kate beat your OP by?

Front 30

Ag

Back 30

Ag+

Hint 30

agregate cross country came what place?

Front 31

Na

Back 31

Na+

Hint 31

I will beat neala by how much because I will go to UQ

Front 32

Sr

Back 32

2+

Hint 32

two bags full sir

Front 33

Sn

Back 33

2+/4+

Hint 33

what are the second and fourth deadly sins?

Front 34

Zn

Back 34

Zn2+

Hint 34

Zen involves yin and yang

Front 35

Rb

Back 35

2+

Hint 35

Reebok

Front 36

Be

Back 36

Be2+

Hint 36

Because

Front 37

Ra

Back 37

Ra2+

Hint 37

Radar

Front 38

cuprous

Back 38

Cu+

Hint 38

copper to arouse

Front 39

cupric

Back 39

Cu+2

Hint 39

prick

Front 40

ferrous

Back 40

Fe2+

Hint 40

faris has two scarves

Front 41

ferric

Back 41

Fe3+

Front 42

stannous

Back 42

Sn2+

Front 43

stannic

Back 43

Sn4+

Front 44

chromous

Back 44

Cr2+

Front 45

chromic

Back 45

Cr3+

Front 46

Chromic

Back 46

Cr3+

Front 47

Manganous

Back 47

Mn2+

Front 48

Manganic

Back 48

Mn3+

Front 49

Mercurous

Back 49

Hg2 (2+)

Front 50

Mercurric

Back 50

Hg(2+)

Front 51

Plumbous

Back 51

Pb2+

Front 52

Plumbic

Back 52

Pb4+

Front 53

Cobaltous

Back 53

Co2+

Front 54

Cobaltic

Back 54

Co3+

Hint 54

corn on cob 3 syllables Dan-ie-ka

Front 55

Aurous

Back 55

Au+

Hint 55

Augusten had how many biological parents on contact?

Front 56

Aurric

Back 56

Au+3

Hint 56

Augusten had how many parents in contact before new york

Front 57

hydride

Back 57

H-

Front 58

Fluoride

Back 58

F-

Front 59

Chloride

Back 59

Cl-

Front 60

bromide

Back 60

Br-

Front 61

iodide

Back 61

I-

Front 62

Oxide

Back 62

O(2-)

Front 63

Sulfide

Back 63

S (2-)

Front 64

Selenide

Back 64

Se(2-)

Front 65

Telluride

Back 65

Te(2-)

Front 66

Silver Ion

Back 66

Ag+

Front 67

nickel ion

Back 67

Ni2+

Front 68

nitride

Back 68

N3-

Front 69

Phosphide

Back 69

P3-

Front 70

Nitrate

Back 70

NO3(-)

Front 71

Nitrite

Back 71

NO2(-)

Front 72

Chromate

Back 72

CrO4 (2-)

Front 73

dichromate

Back 73

Cr2O7(2-)

Front 74

Cyanide

Back 74

CN(-)

Front 75

Permanganate

Back 75

MnO4(-)

Front 76

Hydroxide

Back 76

OH-

Front 77

Peroxide

Back 77

O2(2-)

Front 78

Amide

Back 78

NH2 (-)

Front 79

Carbonate

Back 79

CO3 (2-)

Front 80

Sulfate

Back 80

SO4 (2-)

Front 81

Sulfite

Back 81

SO3(2-)

Front 82

Oxalate

Back 82

C2O4 (2-)

Front 83

Phosphate

Back 83

PO4 (3-)

Front 84

Phosphite

Back 84

PO3 (3-)

Front 85

Perchlorate

Back 85

ClO4 (-)

Front 86

Chorate

Back 86

ClO3 (-)

Front 87

Chlorite

Back 87

ClO2 (-)

Front 88

Hypochlorite

Back 88

ClO (-)

Front 89

Periodate

Back 89

IO4 (-)

Front 90

Iodate

Back 90

IO3 (-)

Front 91

hypoiodite

Back 91

IO-

Front 92

bromate

Back 92

BrO3 (-)

Front 93

hypobromite

Back 93

BrO (-)

Front 94

bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate

Back 94

HCO3 (-)

Front 95

hydrogen sulfate/bisulfate

Back 95

HSO4 (-)

Front 96

Hydrogen sulfite

Back 96

HSO3 (-)

Front 97

hydrogen oxalate

Back 97

HC204 (-)

Front 98

hydrogen phosphate

Back 98

HPO4 (2-)

Front 99

dihydrogen phosphate

Back 99

H2PO4 (-)

Front 100

thiosulfate

Back 100

S2O3 (2-)

Front 101

arsenate

Back 101

AsO4 (3-)

Front 102

selenate

Back 102

SeO4 (2-)

Front 103

silicate

Back 103

SiO3 (2-)

Front 104

tartrate

Back 104

C4H4O6 (2-)

Front 105

hydrogen sulfide

Back 105

HS (-)

Front 106

BORATE

Back 106

BO3 (3-)

Front 107

TETRABORATE

Back 107

B2O7 (2-)

Front 108

HEXAFLUOROSILICATE

Back 108

SiF6(2-)

Front 109

THIOCYNATE

Back 109

SCN-

Front 110

ACETATE

Back 110

CH3COO- OR C2H3O2(-)

Front 111

Preferred order of writing nonmetals in a forumula?

Back 111

Rn; Xe; Kr; B; Si; C; Sb; As; P; N; H; Te; Se; S; I; Br; Cl; O; F.

Front 112

chemical equation

Back 112

an expression of the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.

Front 113

molecular formular

Back 113

an expression that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance

Front 114

allotrope

Back 114

one of two or more distinct forms of an element

Hint 114

diamond and graphite

Front 115

structural formula

Back 115

shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecular

Front 116

empirical formula

Back 116

an expression detailing tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms

Front 117

formula of ionic compounds

Back 117

the subscript of the cation is numerically equal to the charge on the anion and the subscript on the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation.

Hint 117

cross over

Front 118

molecular compounds have what nomenclature procedure?

Back 118

prefix + íde on the second element, order of elements written in colecular compounds

Front 119

What are the exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes in molecular formulas? what is done instead? give some examples.

Back 119

Molecular compounds containing hydrogen, which are traditionally called their nonsystematic names or by names that do not express the number of H atoms present. Further they often have H written out of custom as the first element, when typically it is the last. examples include

B2H6 DIBORANE
CH4 METHANE
SiH4 SILANE
NH3 AMMONIA
PH3 PHOSPHINE
H2O WATER
H2S HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Front 120

Acid

Back 120

a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Front 121

what does acid contain?

Back 121

contains one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an anionic group.

Front 122

acids that end in "ide" when associated with acids become..

Back 122

prefix: hydro
suffix: -ic

Front 123

why do some acids have more than one name?

Back 123

depends on their physical state. when dissolved in water HCl is Hydrochloric acid when in a gaseous or pure liquid form it is called Hydrogen Chloride, because it is a molecular compound not yet dissociating

Front 124

what are oxoacids?

Back 124

acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (which is central in the formula)

Front 125

How are oxoacid formulas written?

Back 125

first: H
second: central element
third: O

Front 126

what are four examples of oxoacids?

Back 126

HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HClO3 chloric acid

Front 127

often two or more oxoacids have the same central atom but a different number of O atoms. what are the rules used?

Back 127

1. addition of 1+ O to the "ic" acid, the prefix "per-" is added

2. removal of -1 O from the "ic" acid, the suffix "-ous" is added.

3. Removal of -2 O atoms from the "ic" acid, the acid is given a prefix and suffix: "hypo-" and "-ous" respectively.

Front 128

what are oxoanions?

Back 128

the anion derived from the oxoacid

Front 129

what are the rules for naming oxoanions?

Back 129

1. when all H ion are removed from the -ic acid = anion ends in "-ate".
2. when all H ions are removed from the "-ous" acid the anion's name ends in "-ite".
3. when not all hydrogens are removed prefixes must be used, with its normal laws, to indicate the number of hydrogen atoms.

Front 130

list 6 simple acids

Back 130

HF Hydrofluoric Acid
HCl Hydochloric Acid
HBr Hydrobromic Acid
HI Hydoiodic Acid
HCN Hydrocyanic Acid
H2S Hydosulfuric Acid

Front 131

How can one work out the typical "ic" acid?

Back 131

ionic formula, what are the anion/cation number for the element? what ionic formula would this make?

Front 132

what is a base?

Back 132

yields OH- ions when dissolved in water

Front 133

what are some xamples of bases?

Back 133

NaOH
KOH
Ba(OH)2
note a base need not contain OH ion its structure

Front 134

chemical equation

Back 134

an expression of the composition of molecules and ionic compounds in terms of chemical symbols.

Front 135

molecular formular

Back 135

an expression that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance

Front 136

allotrope

Back 136

one of two or more distinct forms of an element

Hint 136

diamond and graphite

Front 137

structural formula

Back 137

shows how atoms are bonded to one another in a molecular

Front 138

empirical formula

Back 138

an expression detailing tells us which elements are present and the simplest whole number ratio of their atoms

Front 139

formula of ionic compounds

Back 139

the subscript of the cation is numerically equal to the charge on the anion and the subscript on the anion is numerically equal to the charge on the cation.

Hint 139

cross over

Front 140

molecular compounds have what nomenclature procedure?

Back 140

prefix + íde on the second element, order of elements written in colecular compounds

Front 141

What are the exceptions to the use of Greek prefixes in molecular formulas? what is done instead? give some examples.

Back 141

Molecular compounds containing hydrogen, which are traditionally called their nonsystematic names or by names that do not express the number of H atoms present. Further they often have H written out of custom as the first element, when typically it is the last. examples include

B2H6 DIBORANE
CH4 METHANE
SiH4 SILANE
NH3 AMMONIA
PH3 PHOSPHINE
H2O WATER
H2S HYDROGEN SULFIDE

Front 142

Acid

Back 142

a substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

Front 143

what does acid contain?

Back 143

contains one or more hydrogen atoms as well as an anionic group.

Front 144

acids that end in "ide" when associated with acids become..

Back 144

prefix: hydro
suffix: -ic

Front 145

why do some acids have more than one name?

Back 145

depends on their physical state. when dissolved in water HCl is Hydrochloric acid when in a gaseous or pure liquid form it is called Hydrogen Chloride, because it is a molecular compound not yet dissociating

Front 146

what are oxoacids?

Back 146

acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen and another element (which is central in the formula)

Front 147

How are oxoacid formulas written?

Back 147

first: H
second: central element
third: O

Front 148

what are four examples of oxoacids?

Back 148

HNO3 nitric acid
H2CO3 carbonic acid
H2SO4 sulfuric acid
HClO3 chloric acid