Bsc 145 Test 2

Front 1

Why do a majority of women smoke?

Back 1

TO SUPPRESS THEIR APPETITE

Front 2

What are the top 3 cancer killers in men?

Back 2

LUNG 31%
PROSTATE 9%
COLON RECTAL 9%

Front 3

What are the top 3 cancer killers in women?

Back 3

LUNG 26%
BREAST 15%
COLON 10%

Front 4

Define benign and malignant.

Back 4

BENIGN- TYPICALLY DOESN'T SPREAD

MALIGNANT- CANCER CELLS SPREAD TO OTHER BODY PARTS

Front 5

A light skinned female living in Kenya should take ---- during her pregnancy in order to build healthy bones

Back 5

FOLIC ACID

Front 6

A dark skinned person in Canada should be concerned about deficiency in ----.

Back 6

VITAMIN D

Front 7

What is the deadliest skin cancer?

Back 7

MELANOMA

Front 8

What is the first and second most frequent types of skin cancer?

Back 8

SQUAMOS CELL CARCINOMA

AND

BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

Front 9

If you have Melanoma, what are your chances of dying?

Back 9

75%

Front 10

What are the ABCD's of skin cancer?

Back 10

ASSYMETRICAL
BORDER
COLOR
DIAMETER

Front 11

---- is the formation of cancer and ---- ---- allows cancer to spread.

Back 11

CARCINOGENESIS

PROTEINAISE ENZYME

Front 12

Define carcinogen.

Back 12

CANCER CAUSING AGENT

Front 13

Define mutation.

Back 13

CHANGE IN THE DNA SEQUENCE

Front 14

Define mutagen.

Back 14

ANYTHING THAT IS GOING TO CAUSE MUTATION

Front 15

What percent of lung cancer is caused by smoking?

Back 15

87%

Front 16

What are the four stages of the formation of cancer?

Back 16

1) MUTATION
2) PROTO-ONCOGENE BECOMES ONCOGENE
3) SIGNALING PROTEIN MALFUNCTIONS
4) INAPPROPRIATE CELL GROWTH

Front 17

What is a proto-oncogene?

Back 17

A TRIGGER OF CANCER, GENERALLY WHEN SPECIFIC MUTATIONS ALTER ITS STRUCTURE OR FUNCTION

Front 18

In program cell death, gene p53 cannot repair the damaged cell then --- occurs.

Back 18

APTOSIS

Front 19

How long after you first start smoking can symptoms of cancer being to occur?

Back 19

20-22 years

Front 20

What is the main site where lung cancer originates?

Back 20

PRIMARY BRONCHI

Front 21

What are the air sacs of the lungs called where gas exchange occurs?

Back 21

ALVEOLI

Front 22

List and define three types of traditional cancer therapies.

Back 22

RADIATION- CAUSES CACER TO CELLS TO MUTATE AND UNDERGO APTOSIS

CHEMO- DRUGS KILL CELLS BY DAMAGING THE DNA

ANGIOSTAIN- STOPS ANGIOGENESIS

Front 23

What is angiogenesis?

Back 23

RECRUITMENT OF BLOOD VESSELS BY A TUMOR

Front 24

What is the difference between an antibody and an antigen?

Back 24

ANTIGEN IS FOREIGN TO THE BODY, TRIGGERS, AN IMMUNE RESPONSE

ANTIBODY IS A DEFENSIVE PROTEIN THAT IDENTIFY AND ATTACK ANTIGENS

Front 25

What types of cells are our body comprised of?

Back 25

EUKARYOTES

Front 26

What kinds of cells are bacteria?

Back 26

PROKARYOTES

Front 27

When a small change in the inluenza virus happens, a ---- --- -occurs.

When a large change in the --- --- occurs, a --- --- occurs.

Back 27

ANTIGENIC DRIFT

ANTIGENIC SHIFT

Front 28

The influenza virus needs to be changed every year because of ----.

Back 28

ANTIGENIC DRIFT

Front 29

Why does the influenza virus cause a pandemic every 10 - 40 years?

Back 29

ANTIGENIC SHIFT

Front 30

The Hong Kong flu virus of 1968 was due to inluezna virus H3N2. This mutation was due to ----.

Back 30

ANTIGENIC SHIFT

Front 31

Which cells are associated with cell mediated immunity?

Back 31

T CELLS

Front 32

Which cell orchestrates the immune response?

Back 32

HELPER T CELLS

Front 33

Which cell brings about the end of the immune response?

Back 33

SUPRESSOR T CELLS

Front 34

Which gene of influezna is responsible for release out of the cell so it can infect others?

Back 34

NEURAMINIDAISE (N)

Front 35

Adhesion factors in influezna viruses take the form of ----

Back 35

SURFACE SPIKES

Front 36

Which gene of influenza provides the key to allow the virus in?

Back 36

HEMAGLITIN (H)

Front 37

Who is th creator of the smallpox vaccine?

Back 37

EDWARD JENNER

Front 38

Who discovered penicillin the the 1940s?

Back 38

ALEXANDER FLEMING

Front 39

What percent of antibiotics made in America go directly into farm animals?

Back 39

55%

Front 40

Sleeping less than ---- hours or more than ---- hours is associated with 1.7 times greater mortality and risk of death.

Back 40

6 1/2 HOURS

9 HOURS

Front 41

What does MRSA stand for and what is a common cause of?

Back 41

Methicillin Resistant Staphyloccus Aureus

boils, Impetigo and abscesses

Front 42

Which b cells secrete antibodies?

Back 42

PLASMA B CELLS

Front 43

What types of cells does AIDS attack?

Back 43

HELPER T CELLS

Front 44

--- engulfes and kills bacteria.

Back 44

PHAGOCYTES

Front 45

Plasma is comprised of ---% water.

Back 45

92%

Front 46

What shoud your white blood cell leukocytes be?

Back 46

4,000-11,000

Front 47

Neutrophils and phagocytes are primarily ----.

Back 47

BACTERIUM

Front 48

---- immunity provides long lasting protection against a diesease causing virus wheras ----- immunity is short lived.

Back 48

ACTIVE


PASSIVE

Front 49

Which attack chemicals deals with bacterium and which one deals with viruses?

Back 49

BACTERIA- COMPLEMENT

VIRUS- INFERON (IFN)

Front 50

What is released during an inflammation reaction?

Back 50

HISTAMINE

Front 51

What are the bodies first strike reactions against infection?

Back 51

MACROPHAGE, INFLAMMATION, FEVER

Front 52

What is the fire maker from within called?

Back 52

ENDOGENOUS PYROGEN - FEVER

Front 53

What is the vector that carries Lyme disease?

Back 53

NYMPH

Front 54

White blood cells that takes part in inflamatory response?

Back 54

NEUTROPHIL

Front 55

T and B cells.

Back 55

LYMPHOCYTE

Front 56

Immature macorphage

Back 56

MONOCYTE

Front 57

Destroys anitgen - antibody complexes

Back 57

EOSINOPHILS

Front 58

Releases histamine, promotes blood flow to injured tissue.

Back 58

BASOPHILS