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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T or F:
Diarrhea is responsible for 50% of calf deaths. |
True!
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What are the 4 big causes of diarrhea in calves < 3 weeks old. What is the window of infectiveness for each?
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ETEC (<4d)
Rotavirus (4-14d) Coronavirus (4-14d) Cryptosporidia (usu 6-10d but can be 1d) |
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How does ETEC lead to secretory diarrhea?
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Heat-stable enterotoxin (K99) stimulates increase in intracellular cGMP which upregulates Cl- secretion.
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is associated with...
...malabsorption/maldigestion? |
Rotavirus
Coronavirus Cryptosporidium |
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is associated with...
...secretory diarrhea? |
ETEC
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is the most common cause overall?
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Rotavirus
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" can also spread to the respiratory system?
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Coronavirus
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is associated with...
...hematochezia and tenesmus? |
Coronavirus
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" destroys more of the villi?
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Coronavirus
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is stable and easy to ID via EM?
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Rotavirus
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Which of the "big 4 causes of calf diarrhea" is intracellular/extracytoplasmic?
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Cryptosporidium
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Describe the pathogenesis of acidosis in calf diarrhea.
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HCO3 losing initially
Next lactic acidosis Then uremic acidosis Necrotic cells contributes to acidemia |
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Predict the clinical signs, pH, and BE of a calf 8-10% dehydrated due to diarrhea.
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Standing, looks bad though.
pH 6.9 - 7.1 BE -10mEq/L |
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Predict the clinical signs, pH, and BE of a calf 10-12% dehydrated due to diarrhea.
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comatose!
pH 6.8 - 7 BE -15 to -20 mEq/L |
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Predict the clinical signs, pH, and BE of a calf 5-7% dehydrated due to diarrhea.
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QAR
pH 7.1 - 7.25 BE -5mEq/L |
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Predict the clinical signs, pH, and BE of a calf <5% dehydrated due to diarrhea.
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BAR
pH 7.4 BE 0 |
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When should you give oral fluids with calf diarrhea? Subcutaneous? IV?
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Give oral for mild cases
IV for really bad cases SQ to supplement both |
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Describe the volume and time period in which to give replacement fluids IV.
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Give estimated % body weight.
GIve half of deficit in 20 min, remainder over 2 hrs. |
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What should the tonicity of oral fluids given when treating diarrhea be?
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About 2x normal
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Why is glucose added to oral fluids in diarrhea treatments?
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Na/Glucose/Amino Acid cotransporter isn't destroyed and glucose helps to bring Na into cell.
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How can calf scours be prevented?
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Essentially hygiene and management.
Also ensure colostrum is given Maybe vx calf at birth? |
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What is the major cause of calf scours in animals >3 weeks? How is this treated?
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Coccidiosis! Treat w/Amprolium and Sulfa abx
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If you have a calf >3 weeks old that is REALLLLY sick with diarrhea, what should you think?
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Salmonellosis!
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T or F:
Immunity to coccidia doesn't occur until ~ 8 months of age. |
False. Immunity in 2-3 weeks post infection.
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What are the two global categories of scours? What is used to differentiate these?
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Complicated and uncomplicated; dependent on whether lesions extend beyond superficial GI tract
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What is the maintenance fluid rate in neonates?
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10% BW/day
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Diarrhea with hematochezia and tenesmus in a calf >3 weeks is likely due to...
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...Coccidiosis (eimeria)
(maybe itussusception) |
