• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/349

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

349 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
clavicle articulates with the sternum at the _____ joint and with the acromion of the scapula at the ____ joint
sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular
last bone to complete ossification (at about age 21 years)
Clavicle (collarbone)
only long bone to be ossified intramembranously
Clavicle (collarbone)
medial/lateral: weakest point of clavicle
lateral
fall on the shoulder or outstretched hand or breech birth tend to cause a fractured _____ bone
Clavicle (collarbone)
fatal hemorrhage from the subclavian vein, pulmonary embolism, & paresthesia of medial brachial and antebrachial region) supplied by spinal cord segments C8 and T1 all occur with a fractured _____ bone
Clavicle (collarbone)
___ part of scapula that divides the dorsal surface of the scapula into the upper supraspinous and lower infraspinous fossae
Spine of the scapula
an origin for the deltoid and an insertion for the trapezius
Spine of the scapula/Acromion
lateral end of the spine of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle
Acromion
Coracoid process: origin of ___&___ muscles; insertion of ___ muscle
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii; pectoralis minor
suprascapular nerve runs through the ___ (scapular structure) and is covered by ___ ligament
Scapular notch, superior transverse scapular ligament
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscle dysfunction can be caused by ___ of the superior transverse scapular ligament
calcification
three ligaments of the coracoid process: ___ , ___ & ____
coracoclavicular, coracohumeral, and coracoacromial ligaments
origin for the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii is: ___
Supraglenoid tubercle
origin for the tendon of the short heads of the biceps brachii is: ___
coracoid process
origin for the tendon of the triceps brachii is: ___
infraglenoid tubercle
___ articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint
head of the humerous
anatomical neck (not surgical neck) of the humerus is for attachment of what?
attachment of the fibrous joint capsule
Greater tubercle provides attachment point for ___, ___, and ___ muscles.
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles attach to humerus: ventrally/dorsally
dorsally
the lesser tubercle of humerus provides insertional attachment for ___ muscle
Subscapular
Lies between the greater and lesser humeral tubercles, lodges the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii: ___
Intertubercular (bicipital) groove
the transverse humeral ligament restrains ___ in the ___ groove
tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii, intertubercular (bicipital) groove
V-shaped roughened area on the lateral aspect of the humerus, midshaft is: ___
Deltoid tuberosity
the humeral ________ contains the radial nerve and deep brachial artery; it is bordered laterally by the lateral head of the triceps and medially by the medial head of the triceps
spiral groove
Fracture of the humeral shaft tends to damage ___ nerve and ___ artery
radial nerve and deep brachial artery
Supracondylar fracture is common in ___ demographic, tends to damage ___ nerve
youth, median nerve
Fracture of the medial epicondyle tends to damage ___ nerve
ulnar nerve
medial distal articular surface of the humerus is called the ___, it articulates with the ___ bone
trochlea, ulna (trochlear notch)
lateral articular surface of the humerus is called the ___, it articulates with the ___ bone
capitulum, head of the radius
posterior/anterior: Olecranon fossa
posterior
posterior/anterior: coronoid fossa
anterior
coronoid process is part of ___ bone
ulna
olecranon is part of ___ bone
ulna
posterior/anterior: radial fossa
anterior
radial fossa houses what?
head of the radius during full flexion of the elbow joint
___ provides origin to supinator and extensor muscles of forearm
lateral epicondyle
_____ provides origin to pronator teres and common tendon of the forearm flexor muscles; also has groove on the back for the ulnar nerve and superior ulnar collateral artery
medial epicondyle
ulna/radius: longer
ulna
ulna/radius: more lateral in anatomical position
radius
Colles' fracture is of ___ bone
radius
lateral/medial: Styloid process of Radius [it's an insertion point for ___ muscle]
lateral, Brachioradialis
What's a Smith's fracture?
a reverse Colles' fracture where the distal radial fragment is displaced anteriorly instead of posteriorly
Colles' fractures is of the wrist involve:

1. radial/ulnar: nerve
2. posteriorly/anteriorly: displaced fragment leading to “dinner (silver) fork deformity”
radial, posteriorly
insertion site for the triceps brachii tendon is ___
olecranon
ulna/radius/humerus: trochlear notch
ulna
insertion sites for the brachialis muscle ___ & ___
Coronoid process, Ulnar tuberosity
Ulnar tuberosity/Radial tuberosity: more distal
radial tuberosity
Radial tuberosity is an insertion site for the ___
biceps brachii tendon
distal/proximal: “Head” of radius
proximal
distal/proximal: “Head” of ulna
distal
name the carpal bones [proximal row (4) then distal row (4) (lateral-to-medial)]
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrium
Pisiform

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capate
Hamate

"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle" -wikipedia/House
Which carpal bones articulate with the radius?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium
Which carpal bones articulate with the ulna?
none
___ is a sesamoid bone of the hand
Pisiform
the pisiform is contained in the ___ tendon
flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
Fracture of the scaphoid may damage the ___ artery and cause ___ damage to the bone
radial, avascular necrosis
Fracture of the hamate may injure the ___ nerve and artery
ulnar
Bennett's fracture: is a fracture of the ____________
base of the metacarpal of the thumb
Boxer's fracture: is a fracture of the necks of the ____ metacarpals
second, third, fifth
pain, numbness, and tingling in the ring and little finger, followed eventually by loss of sensation and motor weakness is ___ syndrome
Guyon's canal syndrome
Guyon's canal (ulnar tunnel) is formed by ___ ligament between which two bones?
pisohamate ligament; hamate and pisiform bones
Guyon's canal (ulnar tunnel) transmits what?
the ulnar nerve and artery (the nerve is divided into superficial and deep branches)
head/base: form distal metacarpals
head
fingers have ___(#) phalanges each and thumbs ___(#) phalanges
3, 2
"shoulder separation” from a fall on the outstretched arm indicates a separation of ___ joint and rupture of the ___ ligament
acromioclavicular joint, coracoclavicular [shoulder is separated from the clavicle]
The glenohumeral joint is ___ type of joint, where the articular surface is covered by ____ cartilage
ball-and-socket joint, hyaline cartilage
Subacromial/subdeltoid/subscapular bursae: continuous with the glenohumeral joint capsule
subscapular
T/F: glenohumeral joint innervated by many nerves
T
T/F: glenohumeral joint perfused by many arteries
T
Shoulder dislocations typically injure ____ nerve, and ____ vessels
axillary nerve, humeral circumflex vessels (~posterior)
anteriorly/posteriorly : direction that most dislocation (subluxation) of the shoulder joint
Anteriorly
Referred pain to the shoulder usually indicates involvement of the ____ nerve, why?_________
phrenic, supraclavicular nerve (C3 & C4) supplying sensory fibers over the shoulder has the same origin as the phrenic nerve (C3-4-5 keep the diaphragm alive)
Rotator (musculotendinous) cuff is formed by: _______
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and sub-scapularis

“SITS”
Rupture of rotator cuff leads to ___ pathologies
degenerative inflammatory [subacromial bursitis and supraspinatus tendinitis]
superior glenohumeral ligament exteneds to the ____, middle glenohumeral ligament ____, inferior glenohumeral ligament
upper part of the lesser tubercle, anatomic neck of the humerus, lower part of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Transverse humeral ligament extends from ___ to ___
lesser tubercle of humerus to greater tubercle of humerus
Coracohumeral ligament extends from coracoid process of scaphoid to ___ of the humerus
greater tubercle of humerus
purpose of bursae around the shoulder?_____
lubrication, padding
Bursa that protects the supraspinatus tendon against friction with the acromion?___
subacromial
Bursa that facilitates the movement of the deltoid muscle over the joint capsule and the supraspinatus tendon?___
subdeltoid
humeroradial and humeroulnar joints are ___ type joints
synovial hinge joint
The common articular capsule of the humeroradial and humeroulnar joints also includes a third joint within the capsule, the ____ joint
proximal radioulnar (pivot) joint
The elbow joint is reinforced with three ligaments: ___ forms a collar around the head of the radius, ___ extends from the lateral epicondyle, ___ extends from the medial epicondyle
annular, radial collateral, ulnar collateral
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints form ___ type joints, which allows ___ and ___ type movements
synovial pivot, pronation and supination
head of the radius articulates with the radial notch of the ulna at the ___ joint
proximal radioulnar joints
head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius at the ___ joint
distal radioulnar joints
Wrist (radiocarpal) joint capsule strengthened by___(4) ligaments:
radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and dorsal and palmar radiocarpal ligaments
Carpometacarpal joints: joint type ___
synovial saddle (sellar) joints
Metacarpophalangeal joints: joint type ___
condyloid joints
posterior middle forearm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C8
lateral forearm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C8
base of thumb & base of lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
radial nerve, C6-C8
knuckles/tips of thumb and lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
median nerve, C6-C8
Interphalangeal joints: joint type ___
hinge joints
shoulders (upper pectoral, deltoid, and outer trapezius): Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
supraclavicular, C3-C4
lateral upper arm/~axilla: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
lateral brachial cutaneous nerve, C5-C6
medial middle upper arm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
medial brachial cutaneous nerve, C8-T1
medial upper arm: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
Intercostobrachial nerve, T12
medial forearm anterior: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve, C8-T1
*lateral palm to anterior tips of lateral 3.5 phalanges: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
median nerve, C6-C8
medial 1.5 fingers (pinky) and ant./post. medial hand: Cutaneous nerve ___, spinal root ___
ulnar nerve, C8-T1
lateral continuation of dorsal venous arch, vein ascends on the lateral arm and cuts medially between the pectoralis major and deltoid to connect with the axillary vein? ____
cephalic vein
connects the basilic vein with the cephalic vein: ____ vein
median cubital vein
posteromedial continuation of dorsal venous arch, vein ascends on the medial arm and joins the brachial vein and venae comitantes of the brachial artery, to form the axillary vein at the lower border of the teres major muscle: ___vein
basilic vein
fibrous covering that separates brachial artery from overlying veins (i.e. median cubital vein): ______
bicipital aponeurosis
arises from the left and right base of the superficial palmar venous arch and ascends on the anterior of the forearm, and terminates in the median cubital or the basilic vein
Median antebrachial vein
lymph nodes near cubital fossa ___ (next to brachial artery) and ___ (next to basilic artery)
cubital, supratrochlear nodes
___ lymph node that typically receives lymph from all of the other axillary nodes (occasionally from the breast too) and drain into the subclavian trunks
apical
Fascia that attaches to the coracoid process and the clavicle and covers the pectoralis minor and subclavius muscles? ___
Clavipectoral fascia
part of the clavipectoral fascia which spans the interval between the subclavius and pectoralis minor muscles
costocoracoid membrane
costocoracoid membrane is pierced by what three structures?
cephalic vein, thoracoacromial artery, and the lateral pectoral nerve
Fascial covering of the pectoralis major muscle is called the ____ fascia, its attachment sites include the ___ and ___ bones. The fascia is continuous with ____ fascia.
Pectoral fascia, sternum, clavicle, axillary
The axillary sheath is a fascial prolongation of what?____ ; it enclosing the axillary vessels and ____
prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia, brachial plexus
Boundaries of the axilla:
1. Medial wall: _____
2. Lateral wall: _____
3. Posterior wall: _____
4. Anterior wall: _____
5. Base: _____
6. apex: _____
1. upper ribs and their intercostal muscles and serratus anterior muscle.
2. humerus.
3. subscapularis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles.
4. pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles.
5. axillary fascia.
6. interval between the clavicle, scapula, and first rib.
Pectoralis major:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial half of clavicle; sternum; upper six costal cartilages
2. Lateral lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
3. Lateral and medial pectoral nerve
4. Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates arm
Pectoralis minor:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
2. Coracoid process of scapula
3. Medial > lateral pectoral
4. Depresses scapula; elevates ribs if origin is fixed (leaning on table with palms)
Subclavius:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Junction of first rib and costal cartilage
2. Inferior surface of clavicle
3. Nerve to subclavius
4. Depresses lateral part of clavicle
Serratus anterior:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Upper eight ribs
2. Medial border of scapula (inner surface)
3. Long thoracic
4. Rotates/abducts scapula upward elevating the arm
Deltoid:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Anterior: Lateral third of clavicle....... Posterior: acromion, and spine of scapula
2. Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
3. Axillary
4. Abducts, adducts, flexes, extends, and rotates arm medially and laterally MULTIPURPOSE [DEPENDS ON WHICH ORIGIN IS USED]
Supraspinatus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial supraspinous fossa of scapula (outer surface)
2. Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
3. Suprascapular
4. Abducts arm
Infraspinatus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial infraspinous fossa of scapula (outer surface)
2. Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
3 .Suprascapular
4. Rotates arm laterally
Subscapularis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Subscapular fossa of scapula (inner surface)
2. Lesser tubercle of humerus
3. Upper and lower subscapular
4. Adducts and rotates arm medially
Teres major:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula
2. Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus (upper middle of shaft)
3. Lower subscapular
4. Adducts and rotates arm medially
Teres minor:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Upper portion of lateral border of scapula
2. Lower facet of greater tubercle of humerus
3. Axillary
4. Rotates arm laterally, ~abducts
Latissimus dorsi:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Spines of T7-T12 thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 9-12
2. Floor of bicipital groove of anterior humerus
3. Thoracodorsal
4. Adducts and rotates arm medially
Quadrangular space of shoulder is bounded by:
1. anteriorly (sup.): ___ muscle
2. posterior (sup.): ___ muscle
3. inferiorly: ___ muscle
4. medially:___ muscle
5. laterally: ___ bone
6. Transmits: ___ nerve and ___ vessels
1. anteriorly (sup.): subscapularis muscle
2. posterior (sup.): teres minor
3. inferiorly: teres major muscle
4. medially: long head of the triceps
5. laterally: surgical neck of the humerus
6. transmits: the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex vessels
Triangular space (upper) of shoulder is bounded by:
1. superiorly:___ muscle
2. inferiorly: ___ muscle
3. laterally: ___ muscle
4. transmits: ___ vessels
1. superiorly: teres minor muscle
2. inferiorly: teres major muscle
3. laterally: long head of the triceps
4. transmits: circumflex scapular vessels
Triangular space (lower) of arm is bounded by:
1. superiorly: ___ muscle
2. medially: ___ muscle
3. laterally: ___ muscle
4. transmits: ___ nerve and ___ vessel
1. superiorly: teres major muscle
2. medially: long head of the triceps
3. laterally: medial head of the triceps
4. transmits: radial nerve and the profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery
Suprascapular artery branches off ____
thyrocervical trunk
Dorsal descending scapular artery branches off ____
transverse cervical (of the thyrocervical trunk)
1/2/3/4/5: number of arterial anastomoses around scapular? names of arteries?________
3

1. suprascapular, descending scapular, and circumflex scapular arteries
2. acromial and posterior humeral circumflex arteries
3. descending scapular and posterior intercostal arteries
Subscapular Nerves branch off____, nerve root/s ____
=post. cord of brachial plexus, C5-C6
post. cord of brachial plexus, C5-C6
___septa divide the arm into the anterior and posterior compartments, it's an extension of brachial deep fascia
Brachial intermuscular (medial and lateral intermuscular septa)
Brachial intermuscular septas divide the arm into anterior and posterior compartments, which is the “flexor” and which the “extensor” compartment
anterior-flexor and posterior-extensor
CUBITAL FOSSA BORDERS:
1. laterally: ___ muscle
2. medially: ______ muscle
3. superiorly: _____ of the humerus
4. Lateral to medial structures of fossa: ____, ____, ____ & ____
1. laterally: brachioradialis muscle
2. medially: pronator teres muscle
3. superiorly: epicondyles of the humerus
4 .Radial nerve, Biceps tendon, Brachial artery, and Median nerve (mnemonic device: Ron Beats Bad Man)
Medial/lateral: bicipital aponeurosis
medial
Covers median nerve, median antebrachial nerve, brachial artery and its braches
bicipital aponeurosis
Which veins cross the bicipital aponeurosis superficially? ____ and ____
median cubital, median antebrachial
____ is a membranous sheet which spreads between the medial margins of the radius and ulna
Interosseous membrane of the forearm
____ is a band extending downward from the ulnar tuberosity to the radius to the ulna
oblique cord
Which is more proximal, Interosseous membrane of the forearm or oblique cord?
oblique cord
T/F: Fibers of the interosseous membrane of the forearm and the oblique cord run in the same direction?
F [most fibers run in opposite directions]
The gap between the interosseous membrane of the forearm and the oblique cord is pierced by what arteries?
Posterior interosseous artery, Recurrent interosseous artery
pronation/supination: palm faces forward
supination
pronation/supination: radius rotates over the ulna and the shafts of the radius and ulna cross each other
pronation
Irritation of the origin (tendons) of the extensor muscles of the forearm
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
Irritation of the origin the of the flexor muscles of the forearm is called _____; may involve compression of the ____ nerve
Golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis), ulnar nerve
Hitting your funny bone is actually a knock on ____ nerve
ulnar
medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, and the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle form ___ (structure)
Cubital tunnel
The cubital tunnel transmits ___ nerve and ___artery which becomes ___ artery w/in the tunnel
ulnar nerve, superior ulnar collateral => posterior ulnar recurrent artery
superior ulnar collateral (SUC) branches off ___ artery, SUC becomes posterior ulnar recurrent artery which joins ____ artery to become the main “ulnar recurrent” [or reverse the order depending on your perspective]
Brachial, anterior ulnar recurrent artery
ulnar recurrent drains/branches off [depends on how you look at it] into ___ artery
ulnar
Coracobrachialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Coracoid proces [inferior side]
2. Middle of medial surface of humerus
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Flexes and adducts arm
Biceps brachii, long head:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Long head, supraglenoid tubercle [in between coracoid and acromion]
2. Radial tuberosity of radius
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm
Biceps brachii, short head:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Coracoid proces [inferior side]
2. Radial tuberosity of radius
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Flexes arm and forearm, supinates forearm
Brachialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lower anterior surface of humerus
2. Coronoid process of ulna > ulnar tuberosity
3. Musculocutaneous
4. Flexes arm
Triceps:
1. Origin, long head: ____
2. Origin, lateral head: ____
3. Origin, medial head: ____
4. Insertion: ____
5. Nerve: ____
6. Action: ____
1. infraglenoid tubercle of scapula [bottom of glenoid cavity]
2. superior to radial groove of humerus
3. inferior to radial groove
4. Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
5. Radial
6. Extends earm
Anconeus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Lower olecranon and upper posterior surface of ulna
3. Radial
4. Stabilises the elbow during pronation and supination and pulls slack out of the elbow joint capsule during extention to prevent impingement
Pronator teres:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
2. Middle of lateral side of radius
3. Median
4. Pronates and flexes forearm
Flexor carpi radialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus
2. Bases of second and third metacarpals
3. Median
4. Flexes forearm, flexes and abducts hand
Palamaris longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial epicondyle of humerus
2. Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis near carpals
3. Median
4. Flexes forearm and hand
Flexor carpi ulnaris:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial epicondyle (humeral head); medial olecranon and posterior border of ulna (ulnar hea
2. Hook of hamate > pisiform > base of fifth metacarpal
3. Ulnar
4. Flexes forearm; flexes and adducts hand
Flexor digitorum superficialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial epicondyle [humerus], lateral coronoid process [ulna], oblique line of radius
2. Base of middle phalanges of all fingers [not thumb], inserts with two bands
3. Median
4. Flexes proximal interphalangeal joints, flexes hand and forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Anteromedial surface of ulna, interosseous membrane
2. Bases of distal phalanges of fingers, runs under and between the two bands of Fl.Di.Su.
3. Ulnar and median
4. Flexes distal interphalangeal joints and hand
Flexor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Anteromedial surface of radius > interosseous membrane > ~coronoid process???
2. Base of distal phalanx of thumb
3. Median
4. Flexes thumb
Pronator quadratus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Anterior surface of distal ulna
2. Anterior surface of distal radius
3. Median
4. Pronates forearm
Brachioradialis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
2. Base of radial styloid process
3. Radial
4. Flexes forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
2. Posterior base of second metacarpal [pointer finger]
3. Radial
4. Extends and abducts hand
Extensor carpi radialis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Posterior base of third metacarpal
3. Radial
4. Extends and abducts hands
Extensor digitorium:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral epicondyle of humerus
2. Base of middle and digital phalanges [2, 3, 4 fingers]
3. Radial
4. Extends fingers and hand
Extensor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Common extensor tendon and interosseous membrane
2. Extensor expansion, base of middle and distal phalanges [5th finger]
3. Radial
4. Extends little finger
Extensor carpi ulnaris:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral epicondyle and posterior surface of ulna
2. Base of fifth metacarpal
3. Radial
4. Extends and adducts hand
Supinator:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral epicondyle, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator crest of ulna
2. Lateral side of upper part of radius
3. Radial
4. Supinates forearm
Abductor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Interosseous membrane, middle third of posterior surfaces of radius and ulna
2. Lateral surface of base of first metacarpal
3. Radial
4. Abducts thumb and hand
Extensor pollicis longus:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Interosseous membrane and middle third of posterior surface of ulna
2. Base of distal phalanx of thumb
3. Radial
4. Extends distal phalanx of thumb and abducts hand
Extensor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Interosseous membrane and posterior surface of middle third of radius
2. Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
3. Radial
4. Extends proximal phalanx of thumb and abducts hand
Extensor indicis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
2. Extensor expansion of index finger
3. Radial
4. Extends index finger
Fascial thickening of the wrist that covers extensor tendons, runs from the lateral radius to the styloid process of the ulna, pisiform, and triquetrum.
Extensor retinaculum
superficial/deep: radial nerve crosses extensor retinaculum
superficial
fibrous layer overlying the tendons in the palm
Palmar aponeurosis
Palmar aponeurosis is continuous with ____ tendon from the anterior forearm, ____ facia in the thumb direction, ____ facia in the pinky direction, and ___ ligament
palmaris longus tendon, thenar fascia, hypothenar fascia, and the palmar carpal ligament
superficial/deep: Palmar aponeurosis to the superficial palmar arterial arch
superficial
flexion deformity of third and fourth (pinky) fingers is most likely caused by what? ____, its name is _____ contracture
progressive thickening, shortening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia, especially the palmar aponeurosis; Dupuytren's contracture
“Claw hand” deformity: wrist flexed, metacarpals extended, and flexed interphalangeal joint => usually caused by? ______, it's name is _____ contracture
brachial artery ischemia secondary to fracture (eg supracondylar);

Volkmann's contracture
Main nerve running under the flexor retinaculum
Median nerve
___ nerve and artery run superficially on the flexor retinaculum medially, ___ nerve runs superficially on the flexor retinaculum laterally
ulnar, palmar (cutaneous) branch of the median nerve
ulnar nerve and artery run superficially on the flexor retinaculum within ____ tunnel
Guyon
Which is more deep: palmar carpal ligament or flexor retinaculum?
flexor retinaculum
Which is more proximal palmar carpal ligament or flexor retinaculum?
palmar carpal ligament
origin for muscles of the thenar & hypothenar eminences
flexor retinaculum
roof [anterior] of carpal tunnel is formed by ____, floor [posterior] of carpal tunnel is formed by ____
flexor retinaculum, carpal bones
___ vessels runs between flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis
ulnar
Median nerve runs immediatly under flexor retinaculum or palmar carpal ligament?
flexor retinaculum
Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the ____ nerve
median nerve
Carpal tunnel syndrome paresthesia occurs on:
1. thenar eminence: T/F
2. hypothenar eminence: T/F
3. thumb: T/F
4. point/index finger: T/F
5. 3rd finger: T/F
6. 4th finger: T/F
7. medial palm: T/F
8. lateral palm: T/F
9. back of hand: T/F
1. thenar eminence: F
2. hypothenar eminence: F
3. thumb: T
4. point/index finger: T
5. 3rd finger: T
6. 4th finger: F
7. medial palm: T
8. lateral palm: F
9. back of hand: F
Why no carpal tunnel syndrome paresthesia on thenar eminence?
palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve branches off the median nerve before the compression
1/2/3/4/5/6: number of fascial spaces of the palm
2
midpalmar (oblique) septum divides the palm into the ___ and ___ fascial spaces
thenar, midpalmar
Midpalmar/Thenar space: transmits the flexor tendons for the medial three digits
Midpalmer
radial bursa encloses ___ tendon/muscle and is in which fascial space of the palm?___
flexor pollicis longus, thenar
ulnar bursa is in which fascial space of the palm? ___, encloses what? __________
midpalmer, flexor tendons for the medial three digits
space between flexor tendons of hand and the deep bones (carpal & metacarpal)?_____
parona's space
condition resulting from infection/inflammation that spreads up the synovial sheath, due to puncture injury, is called ____
Tenosynovitis
Trigger finger audible click is due to?____
tenosynovitis developed nodule that clicks as it goes through a pulley
permanent flexion of the distal phalanx is called ___ finger
Mallet finger
deformity of abnormal flexion of the middle phalanx and hyperextension of the distal phalanx is called ____ deformity
boutonniere deformity
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: inserts onto middle phalanx
superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: splits into two medial and lateral bands
superficialis
flexor digitorum superficialis/profundus: inserts onto distal phalanx
profundus
extensor or flexor digitorum tendon:

a single central band of the digitorum tendon inserts on the base of the middle phalanges 2-4, while two lateral bands of the digitorum tendon continue on and join to form a single band to insert on the base of the distal phalanges 2-4
extensor
insertion point for the lumbrical and interosseous muscles and the extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi muscles?____
extensor hood.
extensor hood is what? ____
expansion of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal joint
Anatomical Snuffbox bounded:

1. medially [in relation to hand, not body]: ___________
2. laterally: ____ & ____
3. proximally: ____________
4.floor: ____ & ____
5. transmits: ____ artery, ____vein, and ____ nerve
1. tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle
2. laterally by the tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles
3. styloid process of the radius
4. scaphoid and trapezium bones
5. radial artery, cephalic vein, radial nerve
The skin underneath the nail is called?____
Nail bed
proximal part of the nail bed produces hard keratin
matrix
crescent-shaped whitish area of the nail bed?____
lunula
nail cuticle's real names
eponychium [prox]paronychium [lateral]
attachment between the skin of the finger or toe and the distal end of the nail
hyponychium
brachial plexus is formed by what nerve roots?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
brachial plexus nerve roots pass posteriorly through digitations of____ muscle
scalenus anterior
brachial plexus is formed by what nerve roots?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
brachial plexus is enclosed in a prolongation of the prevertebral fascia along with what vessels? ____
axillary artery and vein [~and their branches???]
Innervation to levator scapulae and rhomboid minor and major muscles
Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
anteriorly/posteriorly: Long thoracic nerve's descent in relation to brachial plexus
posteriorly
Innervation to serratus anterior muscle
Long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
patient's vertebral (medial) border of the scapula protrudes away from the thorax [winged scapula]=> injury to what nerve?___ common eitiologies?___
long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

stab wound or thoracic surgery (radical mastectomy)
LT nerve damage kills serratus anterior muscle actions
name the two brachial root branches:____, ____ & ____
Long thoracic nerve, Dorsal scapular nerve, ~phrenic
name the two brachial trunk branches:____ & ____
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6), nerve to subclavius (C5, ~C6)
Suprascapular nerve/vessels:

run beneath superior transverse scapular ligament, mnemonic_____
nerve;

army [artery] runs over the bridge [ligament] and the navy [nerve] runs under the bridge)
Innervation to infraspinatus muscle, supraspinatus muscle, and shoulder joint
suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
___ nerve: arises from the point of junction of the fifth and sixth cervical nerves, usually connected by a filament with the phrenic nerve
nerve to subclavius (C5, ~C6)
1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10: number of brachial cord branches?
7
name the lateral brachial cord branch:____
lateral pectoral nerve
name the three posterior brachial cord branches:____ & ____ & ____
lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, upper subscapular
name the three medial brachial cord branches:____ & ____ & ____
medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, and medial antebrachial cutaneous
___ nerve passes across [superficial to] the axillary vessels, pierces the ____ fascia, and is distributed to the deep surface of the pectoralis major; this nerve is accompanied by the pectoral branch of the ___artery
lateral pectoral nerve, coracoclavicular, thoracoacromial
___ nerve passes behind the first part of the axillary artery, curves forward between the axillary artery and vein, and is distributed to the deep surface of the pectoralis minor
medial pectoral nerve
____ sends a nerve filament to the medial pectoral nerve uniting in front of the axillary artery
lateral pectoral nerve
innervates the skin on the medial side of the arm
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (C8 & T1)
___ nerve runs between the axillary artery and vein near the shoulder and then in the arm runs medial [in reference to body, not arm] to the brachial vessels deep to the biceps brachii and superficial to brachialis => innervates the skin on the anteromedial side of the forearm.
Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8-T1)
*___ nerve runs down the medial aspect of the arm, medial [in reference to body, not arm] to medial brachial cutaneous nerve
ulnar
Branches dorsally from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and is distributed/innervates the deep surface of the the teres major as well as part of the subscapularis
lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
innervates the upper portion of the subscapularis muscle
upper subscapular nerve (C5-C6)
___ nerve runs inferiorly between serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi => distributed/innervates the latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal nerve (C6 - C8)
fracture of the midshaft of the humerus is likely to lead to dysfunctional ___ nerve => causes a problem with wrist extension/flexion?____
radial nerve, extension (wrist drop)
fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus or inferior dislocation is likely to lead to dysfunctional ___ nerve => causes a problem with arm adduction/abduction?____
axillary, abduction
___ nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
___ nerve passes posteriorly through the quadrangular space and is accompanied by the posterior circumflex humeral vessels
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
___ nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
___ nerve runs in the musculospiral groove on the back of the humerus
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, descends laterally between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and innervates these three muscles
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7) continues into the forearm as the ____ nerve
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve results in weakness of:

supination or pronation
&
extension or flexion
supination, flexion
___ nerve runs deep and slightly medial to brachial vessels and brachialis muscle
Median nerve (C5-T1)
In the cubital fossa the median nerve is deep to:

1. bicipital aponeurosis: T/F
2. pronator teres: T/F
3. medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve: T/F
4. brachial vessels: T/F
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
____ nerve runs deep to flexor digitorum superficialis near the the cubital fossa, then deep to Fl.Ca.Ra. and Fl.Po.Lo. flexors mid forearm, then becomes superficial near wrist
median nerve
___ nerve innervates the lateral half of flexor digitorum profundus [lateral two of the four tendons]
median nerve
___ nerve accompanies the anterior interosseous artery along the front of the interosseous membrane of the forearm, it is a branch of ___ nerve
anterior interosseous nerve, median
___ nerve innervates pronator quadratus and flexor pollicis longus
anterior interosseous nerve (median)
___ nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial [two of four] tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, every other anterior compartment of the forearm muscle is innervated by the
___ nerve or its branches
ulnar, median
Median nerve enters palm via ___ structure => sends branches to thenar eminence: ______ and ________ nerves
carpal tunnel,

palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve

muscular branch (recurrent branch)
describe the terminal branching of the median nerve after it goes through the carpal tunnel into the palm
three common palmar digital nerves, which then divide into the palmar digital branches
flattening of the thenar eminence, often referred to as ape hand, and trouble flexing lateral parts of the hand indicates ___ nerve damage
median [~@ wrist or below]
name the five brachial terminal branches: ____ & ____ & ____ & ____ & ____
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C7)
Median nerve (C5-T1)
Radial nerve (C5-T1)
Axillary nerve (C5-C6)
Ulnar nerve (C7-T1)
Abductor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Flexor retinaculum > scaphoid and trapezium
2. Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
3. Median
4. Abducts thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Flexor retinaculum > trapezium
2. Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
3. Median
4. Flexes thumb
Opponens pollicis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Flexor retinaculum > trapezium
2. Lateral side of first metacarpal
3. Median
4. Opposes thumb finger => flexion of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint
Adductor pollicis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Capitate and bases of second and third metacarpals (oblique head); palmar surface of third metacarpal (transverse head)
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
3. Ulnar
4. Adducts thumb
Palmaris brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial side of flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
2. Skin of medial side of palm
3. Ulnar
4. Wrinkles skin on medial side of palm
-
Abductor digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
3. Ulnar
4. Abducts little finger
Flexor digiti minimi brevis:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
2. Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
3. Ulnar
4. Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
Opponens digiti minimi:
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Flexor retinaculum and hook of hamate
2. Medial side of fifth metacarpal
3. Ulnar
4. Opposes little finger, flexion of the pinky at the carpometacarpal joint
Lumbricals (4):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Lateral side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
2. Lateral side of extensor expansion
3. 3rd and 4th phalanges => deep branch of ulnar nerve; 1st and 2nd => median nerve
4. flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
Dorsal interossei (4) (bipennate):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Adjacent sides of metacarpal bones
2. Lateral sides of bases of proximal phalanges; extenso: expansion
3. Ulnar
4. Abduct fingers; flex metacarpophal angeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints
Palmar interossei (3) (unipennate):
1. Origin: ____
2. Insertion: ____
3. Nerve: ____
4. Action: ____
1. Medial side of second metacarpal; lateral sides of fourth and fifth metacarpals
2. Bases of proximal phalanges in same sides as their origins; extensor expansion
3. Ulnar
4. Adduct fingers; flex metacarpophal angeal joints; extend interphalangeal joints
Radial nerve descends:

1. Lateral/medial: to the profunda brachii artery
2. Anterior/posterior: to the coracobrachialis
3. Anterior/posterior: to the teres major
4. Anterior/posterior: on the humerus
5. Anterior/posterior: to the lateral epicondyle
1. lateral
2. posterior
3. anterior
4. posteriorly
5. anterior
The radial nerve enters the cubital fossa between ____ and ____ muscles?
brachialis and brachioradialis muscles
The radial nerve does what near the head of the radius?
divides into superficial and deep branches (in the cubital fossa) *** head of ulna is near the wrist by the way***
posterior brachial and posterior antebrachial cutaneous branches are supplied by ____ nerve
radial nerve
The Brachioradialis is in the posterior compartment?___; and is a flexor/extensor?___
flexor (only posterior compartment muscle that flexes forearm and runs anteriorly, weird!)
“fourth head” of the triceps brachii
anconeus
muscular branches of the ____ nerve supply the Anconeus, Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus, and Brachialis, Triceps brachii
radial
The deep radial nerve first penetrates the ____ muscle; innervates anterior/posterior forearm compartment muscles?_____
supinator muscle, posterior
The deep radial nerve turns into ___________ nerve and descends with the posterior interosseous artery, which is a branch of the ulnar/radial artery?
posterior interosseous nerve

ulnar => Common interosseous artery => [posterior interosseous artery, recurrent interosseous artery, anterior interosseous artery]
the superficial radial branch is:

deep/superficial: to the musculocutaneous nerve

deep/superficial: to the radial artery
=deep, deep
Ulnar nerve arises from the ____ cord of the brachial plexus
medial
Ulnar nerve descends together with the _____ branch of the brachial artery near the condyle of humerus
superior ulnar collateral
Ulnar nerve descends anteriorly/posteriorly to the medial epicondyle?___

runs through ___ tunnel
posteriorly, cubital tunnel
Cubital tunnel is formed from:_________
two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve enters the hand deep/superficial to the flexor retinaculum and lateral/medial [in relation to the body, not the hand] to the pisiform bone
superficial, lateral (thumb side of pisiform)
How does the ulnar nerve terminate?_______
divides into superficial and deep branches at the root of the hypothenar eminence
____ nerve innervates the palmaris brevis and the skin over the hypothenar eminence, little finger (pinky), and ring finger
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve
_____ nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles, the medial two lumbricals, all of the interossei, the adductor pollicis, and usually the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
deep branch of ulnar nerve
___ nerve runs medial to lateral on the carpal bones, deep to all hand flexor tendons
deep branch of ulnar nerve
Where are the cell bodies located in the following structures:

1. general somatic afferent (GSA) and general visceral afferent (GVA) fibers?______

2. general somatic efferent (GSE) fibers?_____

3. sympathetic postganglionic general visceral efferent fibers (GVE)? ______
1. dorsal root ganglia
2. anterior horn of the spinal cord
3. sympathetic chain ganglia
Patient comes in with the following posture: wrist is in a flexed position behind the back with extended fingers, while the arm is internally rotated. What is the disorder called and what are the etiologies?________ & ___________
= Erb-Duchenne paralysis/Erb palsy, breech delivery or a violent displacement of the head from the shoulder such as might result from a fall from a motorcycle or horse.
Erb-Duchenne's palsy involves ________ root/s of the brachial plexus
C5 and C6 (upper trunk injury)
Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand] involves ________ root/s of the brachial plexus
C8 and T1
Why, in some cases of Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand], is the ipsilateral face of the patient droopy?
Involvement of T1 may result in Horner's syndrome.
Most common etiology of lower trunk injury (Klumpke's paralysis)?_____
difficult breech delivery, ~cervical rib
Congenital abnormality where an extra rib is found located above the normal first rib is called ______ syndrome and may result in _____ posturing/paralysis of the hand and arm. Sufferers are predisposed to what? _____
cervical rib syndrome
Klumpke's paralysis [claw hand]
cancers
What is the marker for the start of the axillary artery? ______, for the end?______
lateral border of the first rib
lower margin of teres major
The axillary artery begins between which two arterial trunks?
Costocervical trunk (subclavian side) and Thoracoacromial trunk (axillary side)
The axillary artery becomes the ____ artery at the lower margin of the ____ muscle
brachial artery, teres major muscle
name the branches of the thyrocervical arterial trunk
suprascapular (transverse scapular), inferior thyroid, transverse cervical
____ structure [nerve or artery] passes over the superior transverse scapular ligament ____ passes under
suprascapular (transverse scapular) artery

suprascapular nerve [army on the bridge, navy under]
What arteries anastomose on the dorsal side of the scapula?
1. transverse cervical artery (dorsal scapular artery, descending scapular)

2. circumflex scapular artery

3. suprascapular (transverse scapular)
___ artery can come off the subclavian artery or as a deep branch of the transverse cervical;

what nerve accompanies it?____
1. Dorsal scapular (descending scapular artery) if off the subclavian
-or-
Deep transverse cervical artery if off the transverse cervical

2. dorsal scapular nerve
axillary artery/vein: more medial
vein
The axillary vessels are anterior or posterior to most shoulder girdle muscles?

what are the three exceptions?
anterior

deltoid, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
___ artery pierces the costocoracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia)
thoracoacromial trunk/arteries
___ artery runs along the lateral border of the pectoralis minor muscle and gives rise to lateral mammary branches
Lateral thoracic artery
name the thoracoacromial artery branches:
deltoid, acromial, pectoral thoracoacromial arteries
largest branch of the axillary artery?____
Subscapular artery
name the subscapular artery branches:
circumflex scapular artery, thoracodorsal artery
thoracodorsal artery accompanies the ___ nerve:
thoracodorsal nerve
____ artery passes posteriorly into the triangular space
circumflex scapular artery
What arteries anastomose on the surgical neck of the humerus?
posterior humeral circumflex, humeral circumflex and an ascending branch of the profunda brachii artery
if the axillary artery is ligated after the thyrocervical trunk ___ artery will bring blood from anastomoses to the axillary artery and its branches distal to the ligature
thyrocervical trunk => suprascapular (transverse scapular), dorsal scapular (descending scapular artery) => circumflex scapular artery => subscapular artery => axillary
___ artery extends from the inferior border of the teres major muscle to its bifurcation in the cubital fossa
brachial
The brachial artery lies on the ___ in the upper arm and then on the ____ muscles medial to the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii in the distal arm
triceps brachii, brachialis
The brachial artery lies medial/lateral to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa?
____; medial/lateral to the median nerve?____
medial, lateral
Brachial artery terminates by dividing into the ___ and ___ arteries
radial, ulnar
Branches of the profunda brachii (deep brachial) artery:
ascending branch, middle collateral, and the radial collateral artery
profunda brachii's middle collateral anastomoses with ____ artery;

profunda brachii's radial collateral artery anastomoses with ____ artery, anteriorly/posteriorly to the lateral epicondyle?____
interosseous recurrent artery,
radial recurrent artery,
anteriorly
Superior ulnar collateral artery anastomoses with?____
posterior ulnar recurrent branch of the ulnar artery
inferior ulnar collateral arteryanastomoses with?____
anterior ulnar recurrent branch of the ulnar artery
Radial Artery descends under cover of the ____ muscle, with the ___ nerve on its lateral side
brachioradialis, superficial radial nerve
Radial Artery runs cradled between what two muscle in the proximal forearm? _____ and upon ___ muscle in the distal forearm
1. flexor pollicis longus, pronator teres
2. supinator
Radial artery runs deep/superficial to the tendons of the abductor pollicis longus muscle, extensor pollicis longus and brevis muscles?____; and over the surface of what carpals?____________
deep; scaphoid and trapezium bones
____ artery runs through the anatomic snuffbox
radial artery
radial artery enters the palm by passing between the two heads of the ___ muscle/s
two heads of the first dorsal interosseous muscle and the adductor pollicis muscle
The radial pulse, which can be felt proximal to the wrist between the tendons of the ____ and ____
brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis muscles
Radial artery gives rise to the following branches:
1st: ____
2nd: ____
3rd: ____
4th: ____
5th: ____
6th: ____
Radial recurrent artery
*Palmar carpal branch
*Superficial palmar branch
*Dorsal carpal branch
Princeps pollicis artery
Radialis indicis artery (radial artery of index finger)
*Deep palmar arch

*=arch
____ artery passes through the thenar muscles
Superficial palmar branch
____ artery descends along the ulnar border of the first metacarpal bone under the flexor pollicis longus tendon
princeps pollicis artery
____ artery descends along the radial border of the second metacarpal bone
Radialis indicis artery (radial artery of index finger)
____ artery passes between the transverse and oblique heads of the adductor pollicis muscle
Deep palmar arch
three palmar metacarpal arteries branch off what? ______
Deep palmar arch
three palmar metacarpal arteries branch off what? ______
Deep palmar arch
The radial nerve descends anteriorly/posteriorly to the thumb?
posteriorly
larger branch of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa is the ____ artery
ulnar
____ artery descends between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle
ulnar
*ulnar artery descends:

superficially/deep: to the flexor digitorum profundus

superficially/deep: to the flexor retinaculum

superficially/deep: to the flexor digitorum superficialis
super, super, deep
___ artery enters lateral [in relation to the body] to the pisiform bone and medial to the hook of the hamate bone
ulnar
Ulnar artery gives rise to the following branches:
1st: ____
2nd: ____
3rd: ____
4th: ____
5th: ____
6th: ____
7th: ____
1. Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
2. Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
3. Common interosseous artery
4. Palmar carpal branch
5. Dorsal carpal branch
6. Superficial palmar arterial arch
7. Deep palmar branch
after injecting a drugs into the forearm a disastrous gangrene with subsequent loss of the hand results, what is the most likely cause?
an anatomical anomaly: the ulnar artery was mistaken for a vein as it branched high from the brachial artery and ran superficial to the flexor muscles
What is an Allen test and what does it test for?
either the radial or ulnar artery is digitally compressed by the examiner after blood has been forced out of the hand by making a tight fist =>
failure of the blood to return indicates that the uncompressed artery is occluded