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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is bronchial asthma? |
1. Chronic inflammatory disorders of airway 2. Characterized by Hyper responsiveness of airway 3. Presenting as Breathlessness, cough, chest tightness, wheeze. |
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What are the spirometry findings? |
1 FEV1 increases >_15%, after bronchodialator inhalation. 2. FEV1 decreases >_15% after 6 mins of exercise. 3. PEFR - >20% diurnal variation on >_ 3 days in a week for 2 weeks. |
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What are the types of bronchial asthma? |
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What is cough variant asthma? What are the clinical features? |
It is a variant of asthma, where there is chronic dry cough with or without sputum eosinophilia, but no airway function abnormalities.
Clinical features:
1. Chronic dry cough for 6-8 weeks 2. Brochial hyperrespons. 3. Absence of dyspnoea & wheeze |
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What is the treatment of exrcise induced asthma? |
1. SABA, immediately before exercise 2. ICS, if severe 3. ICS + LABA, if abnormal spirometry +persistent symptoms 4. LRTA (optional) |
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What is occupational asthma? |
When asthma is induced at workplace by exposure to occupation related agents & inhalation of them. |
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What are the differentiating features of intrinsic & extrinsic asthma? |
1. Age of onset 2. History of allergy > precipitating allergen > atopy 3. Family history of atopic triad 4.Skin prick test 5. Serum IgE level |
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What is acute, severe asthma? |
Severe, acute, persistent attack of asthma Without remission in between & Not controlled by conventional bronchodialtor |
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What are the features of severe & very severe/ life threatening asthma? |
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What is the treatment of acute severe bronchial asthma? |
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What is the stepwise management of asthma? |
Step 1 : Inhaled SABA Step 2 : Low dose ICS / LRTA Step 3: Low dose ICS + LABA / Low dose ICS + LRTA / Low dose ICS + S.R theophylline / medium or high dose ICS Step 4 : High dose ICS +LABA + LRTA/ Theophylline Step 5: oral prednisolone + step 4 Step 6: Hospital admission |
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What are the criteria for discharge of an asthma patient? |
- stable on discharge medication - without nebulization for last 24 hours - PEFR 75% of predicted |
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What is rescue therapy? What are indications of rescue therapy? What is refractory asthma? What is the treatment? |
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What are the differentiating features between bronchial asthma & COPD? |
1. Age of onset 2. Smoking history 3. History of allergy 4.Family history of atopic triad 5. Cardianal features 6. Sputum 7. Dyspnoea 8. Symptom free period 9. Spirometry 10. Diurnal variation of PEFR 11. Sputum microscopy 12. Bronchodialator response 13.Airway hyper responsiveness 14. Destruction of lung parenchyma |
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What are the differentiating features between bronchial asthma & cardiac asthma? |
1. History 2. Family history 3. Symptoms : a. cough? b. Wheezing? c. Sweating? 4.Signs : a. Pulse? b. BP? c. Cardiomegaly, gallop rhythm, aortic or mitral vulvular disease? d. Crepitation? Ronchi? 5. CXR :? 6. ECG :?
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What are the difference between stridor & wheeze? |
Wheeze : partial obstruction of major airway
Heard during both inspiration & expiration Cause: foreign body, laryngeal tumor, infection,inflammation, vocal cord palsy, lymphadenopathy (of subcarinal & paratracheal L.N) Stridor : Obstruction of smaller airways Prominent during expiration,but heard in both . Cause : severe bronchial asthma, Chronic bronchitis /COPD/ foreign body or tumor |
