Brock Microorganisms Chpt 8

Front 1

Allosteric Regulatory Proteins

Back 1

the transcription regulation is carried out by _______ that bind to DNA

Front 2

DNA-binding Activator/Repressor

Back 2

Archaea and Bacteria use ________ and ______ proteins to regulate gene expression at the level of transcription

Front 3

Quorum sensing

Back 3

allows cells to monitor their environment for cells out of their own kind.

Front 4

Autoinducers

Back 4

Quorum sensing depends on the sharing of specific small molecules called

Front 5

The Stringent Response

Back 5

a global control mechanism triggered by amino acid starvation that achieves balance between protein production and amino acid requirements

Front 6

Activator protein

Back 6

a regulatory protein that binds to specific sites on DNA and stimulates transcription; involved in positive control

Front 7

Attenuation

Back 7

a mechanism for controlling gene expression that terminates transcription after initiation but before a full-length messenger RNA is produced

Front 8

Autoinducers

Back 8

small signal molecule that takes part in quorum sensing

Front 9

Catabolite Repression

Back 9

the suppression of alternative catabolic pathways by a preferred source of carbon and energy

Front 10

Cyclic AMP

Back 10

a regulatory nucleotide that participates in catabolite repression

Front 11

Gene Expression

Back 11

transcription of a gene folled by translation of the resulting mRNA into protein

Front 12

Heat Shock Proteins

Back 12

proteins induced by high temperature (or certain other stresses) that protect against high temperature, especially by refolding partially denatured proteins or by degrading them

Front 13

Heat Shock Response

Back 13

response to high temperature that includes the synthesis of heat shock proteins together with other changes in gene expression

Front 14

Induction

Back 14

production of an enzyme in response to a signal (often the presence of the substrate for that enzyme)

Front 15

Negative Control

Back 15

a mechanism for regulating gene expression in which a repressor protein prevents transcription of genes

Front 16

Noncoding RNA

Back 16

RNA that is not translated into protein; examples include rRNA, tRNA, and small regulatory RNAs

Front 17

Operon

Back 17

one or more genes transcribed into a single RNA and under the control of a single regulatory site

Front 18

Positive Control

Back 18

a mechanism for regulating gene expression in which an activator protein functions to promote transcription of genes

Front 19

Quorum Sensing

Back 19

a regulatory system that monitors the population level and controls gene expression based on cell density

Front 20

Regulatory Nucleotide

Back 20

a nucleotide that functions as a signal rather than being incorporated into RNA or DNA

Front 21

Regulon

Back 21

a series of operons controlled as a unit

Front 22

Repression

Back 22

prevention of the synthesis of an enzyme in response to a signal

Front 23

Repressor Protein

Back 23

a regulatory protein that bindsto specific sites on DNA and blocks transcription; involved in negative control

Front 24

Response Regulator Protein

Back 24

one of the members of two-component regulatory system; a protein that is phosphorylated by a sensor kinase and then acts as a regulator, often by binding to DNA

Front 25

Riboswitch

Back 25

an RNA domain, usually in a mRNA molecule, that can bind a specific small molecule and alter its secondary structure; this, in turn, controls translation of the mRNA

Front 26

Sensor Kinase Protein

Back 26

one of the members of a two-component regulatory system; a protein that phosphorylates itself in response to an external signal and then transfers the phosphoryl group to a response regulatory protein

Front 27

Stringent Response

Back 27

a global regulatory control that is activated by amino acid starvation or energy defeciency

Front 28

Two-Component Regulatory System

Back 28

a regulatory system consisting of two proteins: a sensor kinase and a response regulator