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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most common (non-skin) malignancy associated with females?
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Breast cancer
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What disease of the breast is virtually always associated with an in-situ or invasive carcinoma?
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Paget's Disease
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Which type of carcinoma-in-situ of the breast tends to be negative for E-cadherin?
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Lobular carcinoma-in-situ
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What are the causes of galactorrhea?
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- Lactation
- Mechanical stimulation of the nipple - Prolactinoma - Primary hypothyroidism - Drugs (i.e. OCPs) |
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What is the most common physiological cause of galactorrhea?
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Mechanical stimulation of the nipple.
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What is the most common pathological cause of galactorrhea?
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Prolactinoma (prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma)
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What are the causes of blood nipple discharge?
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- Ductal papilloma
- Ductal cancer |
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What is the cause of purulent nipple discharge?
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Acute mastitis (Typically due to Staph aureus; occurs during breast-feeding)
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What causes greenish brown nipple discharge?
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Mammary duct ectasia (plasma cell mastitis)
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What is the most common cause of breast pain (mastalgia/mastodynia)?
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Fibrocystic change
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What causes the most common breast mass in women younger than 50 years old?
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Fibrocystic change
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What fibrocystic change mimics infiltrating ductal carcinoma and is the result of proliferation of small ductules/acini in the lobule?
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Sclerosing adenosis (often contain microcalcifications)
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What inflammatory condition of the breast present during lactation with purulent nipple discharge as a result of Staphyloccocus aurues?
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Acute mastitis
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What inflammatory process of the breast presents as a painful subareolar mass and is associated with smoking?
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Periductal mastitis (treated with surgical excision)
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What inflammatory process of the breast results in dilated ducts containing debris and histiocytes?
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Mammary duct ectasia (characterized by periductal inflammation with numerous plasmacytes)
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What inflammatory process of the breast is associated with trauma to breast tissue?
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Fat necrosis (may clinically or mammographically mimic cancer)
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What inflammatory process of the breast is associated with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease?
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Lymphocytic mastopathy
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What inflammatory process of the breast may result from a leaking or ruptured breast implant?
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Granulomatous mastitis
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What type of ductal hyperplasia refers to the presence of large, pink-staining cells?
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Apocrine metaplasia
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What fibrocystic change stains positive for actin demonstrating myoepithelial cells?
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Sclerosing adenosis
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What type of ductal hyperplasia is associated with increased risk of developing cancer?
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Atypical ductal hyperplasia
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What genetic mutation is associated more frequently with male breast cancer?
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BRCA2 mutations
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What type of breast cancer has a histological pattern of single infiltrative tumor cells "Indian filing", sometimes forming concentric rings around benign ducts?
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Invasive lobular carcinoma
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What is the most common breast tumor in women < 35 years old?
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Fibroadenoma (benign tumor)
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What is the most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in women younger than 50 years old?
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Intraductal papilloma (benign tumor)
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What are the clinical findings associated with breast cancer?
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- Painless mass (50% occur in UOQ)
- Skin or nipple retraction - Painless axillary lymphadenopathy |
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To what lymph nodes does outer quadrant breast cancer spread to first?
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Axillary lymph nodes
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To what lymph nodes does inner quadrant breast cancer spread to first?
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Internal mammary nodes
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What organs are most often affected by extranodal metastasis from breast cancer?
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Lungs and bone
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Poor prognosis from breast cancer is associated with amplification of which oncogene?
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ERBB2 oncogene
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What type of non-invasive breast cancer is non-palpable, commonly contains microcalcifications, and presents in cribiform (sieve-like) or comedo (necrotic center) patterns?
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Ductal carcinoma-in-situ
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What type of invasive breast cancer has the morphological appearance of a stellate-shaped, indurated, grey-white tumor?
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Invasive ductal carcinoma (1/3 overexpress ERBB2 oncogene)
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What type of breast cancer is characterized by extension of DCIS into lactiferous ducts and skin of nipple producing a rash with or without nipple retraction?
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Paget's disease
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What type of invasive breast cancer is characterized as a bulky, soft tumor with large cells and lymphoid infiltrate?
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Medullary carcinoma (associated with BRCA1 mutation)
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What type of invasive breast cancer is characterized by an erythematous breast with dimpling like an orange (peau d'orange)?
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Inflammatory carcinoma (very poor prognosis)
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What type of invasive breast cancer is characterized by neoplastic cells arranged in linear fashion or form concentric circles?
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Invasive lobular carcinoma
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What type of invasive breast cancer develops in terminal ductules and increases the incidence of cancer in the opposite breast?
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Tubular carcinoma
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What type of invasive breast cancer usually occurs in elderly women and is characterized neoplastic cells surrounded by extracellular mucin?
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Colloid (mucinous) carcinoma
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