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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Take a minute to look at this.
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JUST LOOK AT IT!
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Which of the cranial nerves pass near the pons?
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V
VI VII |
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Which are the CNs that lie medially at the brainstem?
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III
VI XII 3(x2) = 6 (x2) = 12 |
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What are the function of the medial cranial nerves?
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Motor
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What's the function of the pineal gland?
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Melatonin secretion
Circadian rhythms |
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What information is processed at the superior colliculi?
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Conjugate vertical gaze
Your eyes are above your eyes; the superior colliculus is above the inferior colliculus |
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What information is processed at the inferior colliculi?
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Auditory information
Your eyes are above your eyes; the superior colliculus is above the inferior colliculus |
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What is parinaud syndrome?
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Paralysis of the conjugate vertical gaze due to a lesion in the superior colliculi
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What are the structures that are on the dorsum of the midbrain?
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Pineal body
Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi |
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What are the cranial nerves?
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Olfactory
Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory Hypoglossal |
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What is the function of CNI?
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Smell
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Which is the only CN which doesn't have thalamic relay to the cortex?
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CNI
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What is the function of CNII?
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Sight
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What is the function of CNIII
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Eye movement: SR, IR, MR, IO
Pupillary constriction Accomodation Eyelid opening |
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What are the components of pupillary constriction?
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Sphincter pupillae
Edinger-Westphal nucleus Muscarinic receptors |
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What is the function of CNIV?
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Eye movement
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What is the function of CNV?
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Mastication
Facial sensation Somatosensation from the anterior 2/3 of tongue |
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What is the function of CNVI?
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Eye movement (LR)
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What is the function of CNVII?
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Facial movement
Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue Lacrimation Salivation Eyelid closing Stapedius muscles i nthe ear |
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What salivary glands are controlled by CNVII?
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Submandibular
Sublingual The branch of CNVII to the stapedius goes through the parotid gland but no innervation occurs |
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What muscle that controls eyelid closing does CNVII innervate?
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Orbicularis oculi
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What is the function of CNVIII?
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Hearing
Balance |
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What is the function of CNIX?
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Taste
Somatosensation from posterior 1/3 of tongue Salivation Monitoring carotid body and sinus chemo- and baroreceptors Stylopharyngeus |
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What sailvary gland is innervated by CNIX?
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Parotid
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What's the action of the stylopharyngeus?
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Elevation of pharynx, larynx
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What is the function of CNX?
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Taste from the epiglottic region
Swallowing Palate elevation Midline uvula Talking Coughing Thoracoabdominal viscera Monitoring aortic arch chemo- and baroreceptors |
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What is the function of CNXI?
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Head turning
Shoulder shrugging |
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What is the function of CNXII?
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Tongue movement
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What's the mnemonic for if CNs are sensory or motor or both?
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Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter Most
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What are the CN nuclei contained in the midbrain?
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III
IV |
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What are the CN nuclei contained in the pons?
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V
VI VII VIII |
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What are the CN nuclei contained int he medulli?
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IX
X XII |
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What are the CN nuclei contained in the spinal cord?
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XI
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What type of information is captured by the lateral CN nuclei?
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Sensory
On the aLar plate |
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Where in the brainstem are the CN nuclei located?
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Tegmentum portion of the brainstem
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What are the different reflexes mediated by the cranial nerves?
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Corneal
Lacrimation Jaw jerk Pupillary Gag |
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What's the afferent component of the corneal reflex?
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V1 ophthalmic (nasociliary branch)
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What's the afferent component of the lacrimation reflex?
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V1
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What's the afferent component of the jaw jerk reflex?
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V3
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What's the afferent component of the pupillary reflex?
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II
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What's the afferent component of the gag reflex?
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IX
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What's the efferent component of the corneal reflex?
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VII (temporal branch: orbicularis oculi)
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What's the efferent component of the lacrimation reflex?
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VII
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What's the efferent component of the jaw jerk reflex?
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V3 (motor - masseter)
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What's the efferent component of the pupillary reflex?
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III
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What's the efferent component of the gag reflex?
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X
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What are the different nuclei of the vagus nerve?
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Nucleus solitarius
Nucleus ambiguus Dorsal motor nucleus |
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What information is carried at the nucleus solitarius?
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Visceral Sensory information (taste, baroreceptors, gut distension)
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What information is carried at the nucleus ambiguus?
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Motor innervation of the pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus
aMbiguus = Motor |
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What information is carried at the dorsal motor nucleus?
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Autonomic (PS) fibers to the heart, lungs, and upper GI
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What are the cranial nerves that involve the nucleus solitarius?
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VII
IX X |
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What are the cranial nerves that involve the nucleus ambiguus?
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IX
X |
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What are the cranial nerves that involve the dorsal motor nucleus?
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X
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How does CNI exit the skull?
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Cribriform plate
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What structures exit the skull through the optic canal?
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CNII
Ophthalmic artery Central retinal vein |
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What structures exit the skull through the superior orbital fissure?
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CN: III, IV, V1, VI
Ophthalmic vein Sympathetic fibers |
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What structures exit the skull through the foramen rotundum?
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CN V2
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What structures exit the skull through the ovale?
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CN V3
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What structures exit the skull through the foramen spinosum?
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Middle meningeal artery
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What structures exit the skull through the internal auditory meatus?
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CNVII, VIII
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What structures exit the skull through the jugular foramen?
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CN: IX, X, XI
Jugular vein |
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What structures exit the skull through the hypoglossal canal?
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CNXII
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What structures exit the skull through the foramen magnum?
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Spinal roots of CNXI
brainstem Vertebral arteries |
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What is the cavernous sinus?
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A collection of venous sinuses on either side of the pituitary
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What structures drain into the cavernous sinus?
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Eye
Superficial cortex |
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Where does the cavernous sinus empty into?
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Internal jugular vein
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What structures pass through the cavernous sinus?
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CN: III, IV, V1, V2, VI (extraocular muscles + V1, V2)
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers Cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery |
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What structure is located above the cavernous sinus?
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Optic chiasm
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What is cavernous sinus syndrome?
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Opthalmoplegia and decreased conreal and maxillary sensation with normal vision
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What are causes of cavernous sinus syndrome?
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Mass effect
Fistula Thrombosis |
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What happens if there's a CNV motor lesion?
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Jaw deviates toward the side of the lesion due to the unopposed force from the opposite pterygoid muscle
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What happens if there's a CNX lesion?
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Uvula deviates away from the side of the lesion
Weak side collapses and the uvula points away |
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What happens if there's a CNXI lesion?
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Weakness turning the head to the contralateral side of hte lesion
Shoulder droop on the side of the lesion |
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What's the action of the left SCM?
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Helping to turn the head to the right
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What happens if there's a CNXII lesion?
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Tongue deviates toward the side of the lesion due to weakened tongue muscles on the affected side
Lick your wounds! |
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What are the different types of hearing loss?
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Conductive
Sensorineural Noise-induced |
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What are the tests used to distinguish between the different types of hearing loss?
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Rinne test
Weber test |
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If someone has conductive hearing loss, what will the Rinne test result be?
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Abnormal: bone > air
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If someone has conductive hearing loss, what will the weber test result be?
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Localizes to the affected ear
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If someone has sensorineural hearing loss, what will the rinne test result be?
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Normal: air>bone
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If someone has sensorineural hearing loss, what will the weber test result be?
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Localizes to the unaffected ear
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What cells are damaged in noise-induced hearing loss?
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Sterocilliated cells in the organ of Corti
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What frequenceis of hearing are lost in noise-induced hearing loss?
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High frequency hearing loss first
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What is a cause of acute noise-induced hearing loss?
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Tympanic membrane rupture
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What is severed in an upper motor neuron lesion of the face?
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Lesion of motor cortex
Lesion of connection between the cortex and the facial nucleus |
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What are the findings in an UMN lesion of the face?
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Contralateral paralysis of the lower face
Forehead spared |
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Why is the forehead spared in an UMN lesion of the face?
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Bilateral UMN lesion of the forehead
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What are the physical findings in a LMN lesion?
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Ipsilateral paralysis of the upper AND lower face
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What damage occurs in facial nerve palsy?
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Complete destruction of the facial nucleus itself
Destruction of the branchial efferent fibers from the facial nucleus |
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What are the physical findings in facial nerve palsy?
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Peripheral ipsilateral facial paralysis with inability to close eye on the involved side
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What's the prognosis from facial nerve palsy?
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Gradual recovery
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What are the causes of facial nerve palsy?
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AIDS
Lyme disease Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Sarcoid Tumors Diabetes |
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What are the muscles of mastication?
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Masseter
teMporalis Medial pterygoid M's munch |
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What muscle opens the jaw?
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Lateral pterygoid
Lateral lowers |
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What is the innervation of the muscles of mastication?
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V3
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