Brain Parts, Neurons

Front 1

Autonomic NS

Back 1

Communicates with internal organs and glands

Front 2

Sympathetic NS

Back 2

Responsible for body arousal, mobilizes body to respond to danger and stress

Front 3

Parasymapthetic NS

Back 3

responsible for bodily calm, regulares body for rest and digestion

Front 4

Pituitary Gland

Back 4

Controls growth rate, activates other endocrine glands

Front 5

Parathyroid Gland

Back 5

regulates calcium

Front 6

Thyroid gland

Back 6

regulates metabolism

Front 7

Adrenal gland

Back 7

Activates sympathetic NS, controls salt balance, plays a role in puberty and sexual function

Front 8

Pancreas

Back 8

regulates blood sugar

Front 9

Ovaries/Testes

Back 9

regulate reproduction and sexual functions, responsible for secondary sex characteristics

Front 10

Medulla

Back 10

Automatic control of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

Front 11

Reticular Formation

Back 11

alertness, attention

Front 12

Pons

Back 12

Regulates sleep, connects cortex and cerebellum

Front 13

Thalamus

Back 13

Sensory and motor conduit between hind brain and cerebral cortex

Front 14

Hypothalamus

Back 14

Maintain bodily states: regulates hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, internal body temperature. Controls Endocrine system. Regulates appetites, emotions (pleasure/reward)

Front 15

Amygdala

Back 15

involved emotion, particularly fear and agression, memory

Front 16

Hippocampus

Back 16

involved in establishing long term memories

Front 17

Cerebrum

Back 17

handles processing of sensory information, thinking, learning, consciousness, and voluntary movement

Front 18

Cerebral Cortex

Back 18

thin gray-matter covering of the cerebrum, carries on thinking and perceiving

Front 19

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 19

Frontal Lobe, language, memory, executive functions (planning, impulse control)

Front 20

Motor Cortex

Back 20

Frontal lobe, Sends signals to muscles

Front 21

Mirror Neurons

Back 21

Frontal lobe, mimicry and empathy

Front 22

Parietal Lobes

Back 22

Body location, object location (right), speech location (left)

Front 23

Somatosensory cortex

Back 23

parietal lobe, touch, pressure, temperature, pain

Front 24

Visual Cortex

Back 24

Occipital lobe, vision, coordinates with other areas of the cortex

Front 25

Auditory Cortex

Back 25

Temporal Lobes, hearing, language comprehension, autobiographical memories

Front 26

EEG

Back 26

Records brain waves (electrical patterns)

Front 27

CT

Back 27

2-d x-ray slices

Front 28

MRI

Back 28

magnetic energy pulses and radio waves create images

Front 29

PET

Back 29

Shows areas of high glucose metabolism, associated with brain activity

Front 30

fMRI

Back 30

measures increases in blood oxygen levels, indicating increased neural activity

Front 31

Neurons

Back 31

Nerve cells, fundamental unit in brain and nervous system, conduct impulses throughout the NS

Front 32

Sensory neurons

Back 32

signals from the sense organs and receptors to brain or spinal cord

Front 33

Motor neurons

Back 33

signals from the CNS to glands and muscles

Front 34

Interneurons

Back 34

carry information between neurons in brain and between neurons in spinal cord

Front 35

Dendrites

Back 35

receiving portion of neuron

Front 36

Cell Body (soma)

Back 36

Contains cell's DNA, determines cell's "Firing"

Front 37

Axon

Back 37

Sending portion of neuron

Front 38

Glial Cells

Back 38

Support cells of the NS, form myelin sheath covering of axons, help form new synapses, respond to injury.