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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the building blocks of the nervous system?
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neurons.
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what does the soma part of the neuron do?
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maintains the health of the neuron
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dendrite
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recieves messages
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myelin sheath
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makes the messages faster, covers axon.
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axon
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passes information on
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terminal branches
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conveys the message to other neurons
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list the three phases within the neuron
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1. action potential
2. refractory period 3. resting potential |
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what is action potential? which phase of neuron shooting is it?
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first phase. this is the neural impulse created when the neuron fires. travels from the dendrites -> axons -> terminal branches.
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what is the refractory period? and which phase is it?
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second phase. brief second. new action potential cannot be created because neuron is recharging.
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what is resting potential? which phase is it?
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third phase. the state at which a neuron is charged but is waiting for the next action potential to be generated.
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why cant neurotransmitters just jump the synapse?
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action potential.
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what is included in the central nervous system?
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brain and spinal cord.
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what is the pathway to and from the brain?
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the spinal cord.
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what is the location of most information processing?
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the brain.
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what does peripheral mean?
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outer region.
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what is the peripheral nervous system divided into?
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somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.
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somatic nervous system
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controls skeletal muscles.
motor reflexes for voluntary movement.s |
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autonomic nervous system
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controls glands and muscles of the internal glands.
moniters automatic functions. controls breathing, blood pressure, digestion. |
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what are the three main things that autonomic nervous system controls?
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breathing
blood pressure digestion. |
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what two sections is the autonomic nervous system divided into?
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sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system. |
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sympathetic nervous system
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deals with perceieved threats,
fight or flight |
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parasympathetic nervous system
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calms the body,
brings body back to relaxed state. |
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what system uses hormones?
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endocrine.
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what are the bodies two communication systems?
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nervous system and endocrine system.
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a neurotransmitter imn the nervous system is like a what in the endocrine system.
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hormone.
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master gland
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pitutary
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controls other endocrine glands
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pitutary
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regulates energy level in the body
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thyroid gland
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gland that arouses the body in times of stress
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adrenal gland
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epinephrne is also known as
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adrenaline
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which gland releases epinephrine and non-epinephrine?
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adrenal gland.
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what regulates the amoutn of blood sugar in the blood?
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pancreatic gland.
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what is the oldest part of the brain?
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the brainsteam.
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what is responsible for automatic survival functions?
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the brainstem.
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where is the brain stem>
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just where the brain begins and the spinal cord swells.
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what is located at the base of the brain stem?
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the medulla.
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what controls life supporting fuctions such as heartbeat and breathing?
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the medulla.
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what does the medulla control?
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life supporting fucntions such as breathing and heart beat.
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damage to the medulla can cause what?
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death.
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what is the nerve network that extends up and down the spinal cord and into the brain called?
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reticular formation.
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what controls a persons ability of alterness?
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reticular formation.
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damages to the reticular formation can cause what
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comas.
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what sits on top of the brain?
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thalamus.
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what does thalamus mean in greek?
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inner chamber.
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what is the brains sensory switchboard?
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the thalamus.
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cerebellum, when translated, means
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little brain
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where is the cerebellum located?
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the rear of the brain
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what hjelps coordinate balance and volunatry movements?
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the cerebellum.
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what happens if the cerebellum is damaged?
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the person can perfom some motor actions but not fine ones.
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where is the limbic system located?
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it is a ring of structures around the thalamus. at the border of the brain stem and the cerebral cortex.
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what four functions does the limbic system serve?
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regulates:
memory agression fear thirst |
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what three glands are included in the limbic system?
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hypothalamus
hippocampus amygdala |
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where is the hypothalamus located?
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directly under the front of the thalamus
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what four basic things does the the hypothalamus do?
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eating
drinking body temperature fight or flight reaction |
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what is the acronym for wha tthe hypithalamus does?
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the three Fs.
food fighting fucking. |
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what wraps around the thalamus?
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the hippocampus
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what does the the hippocampus do?
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plays a role in processing new memories for permanent storage
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what kind of emotional responses does the amygdala bring on?
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fear or anger.
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what is the body's ultimate control and information processing center?
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the cerebral cortex.
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what coveres the brains lower level strcutures?
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the cerebral cortex
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on estimation, how many nerve cells does the cerebral cortex contain?
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30 billion.
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how many lobes of the cerebral cortex?
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four.
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what is sometimes cut to prevent siezures?
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corpus collosum.
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what is the main purpose of the corpus collosum?
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its is the large nand of neural fibers that connect the two brain hemispheres and carry messages between them.
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