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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parts of a neuron
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Dendrite
Soma (cell body) Axon Terminal Synapse |
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glia
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support cells of the NS
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Brainstem
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medulla
pons midbrain cranial nerves |
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midbrain
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Inferior and superior colliculi, important for orienting to auditory and visual stimuli, integration
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medulla
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Breathing, blood pressure, heart rate
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pons
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Arousal, breathing, relay center
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cranial nerves
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Sensory & motor information for the head
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cerebellum
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Important for motor movements, balance, coordination
Growing evidence suggests a role in many cognitive functions (attention, learning, language) |
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diencephalon
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thalamus
hypothalamus pineal gland pituitary gland |
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thalamus
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Relay center of the brain
Almost all incoming sensory and outgoing motor info is initially processed here |
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hypothalamus
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Regulation of body states via interaction with the endocrine system
Hunger, thirst, sex drive, temperature, sleep/wake |
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pineal gland
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Melatonin: circadian rhythms
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pituitary gland
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Hormone secretion: growth, water regulation, metabolism, reproductive function
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5 lobes of cerebral cortex
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occipital lobe
temporal lobe frontal lobe parietal lobe limbic lobe |
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occipital lobe
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primary visual cortex, visual association areas
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temporal lobe
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Primary auditory cortex, auditory association areas
Visual association areas, multisensory integration |
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frontal lobe
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Primary motor cortex, supplementary motor areas
Prefrontal cortex - higher order cognitive processes Abstract thinking Judgment Planning Decision-making Attention Inhibition Working memory Personality |
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parietal lobe
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Primary somatosensory cortex, association areas
Attention, sensory integration |
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limbic lobe
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1) Cingulate gyrus
Conflict resolution, Prefrontal cortex interface 2) Hippocampus Memory consolidation, spatial learning 3) Amygdala Emotional learning, fear, memory modulation |
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basal ganglia
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Motor control and reward learning
Consist of 4 regions: Subthalamic nucleus Globus Pallidus Substantia nigra Striatum -Caudate -Putamen |
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VTA projections
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Ventral striatum (Nucleus Accumbens) – Reward, “wanting”
Olfactory bulb - Sensory Amygdala – emotional memory Hippocampus - memory Orbital and medial prefrontal cortex – Value, cognitive control of behavior Cingulate cortex – mediates aspects of all above |
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SNc projections
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Dorsal Striatum – learning and executing motor programs
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Raphe nucleus
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cell bodies for serotonin here
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raphe projections
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Caudal-medulla and spinal cord
Dorsal and median -rest of CNS, VERY diffuse |
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serotonin influences:
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Sleep
Arousal Attention Processing of sensory info Aspects of emotion and mood (including aggression) |
