Brain Part Ii

Front 1

________ and _______ are brain parts in the diencephalon.

Back 1

1. Hypothalamus
2. Thalamus

Front 2

Brain part in the diencephalon, composed of many nuclei that are associated with different parts of the body
-involved with homeostasis
-secondary controller of emotional behavior: rage, fear, joy--fight/flight mechanisms

Back 2

Hypothalamus

Front 3

What are the two functions of the hypothalamus?

Back 3

1. Involved with homeostasis
2. Secondary controller of emotional behavior

Front 4

Brain part in the diencephalon
-recieves and "interprets" all sensory input (Cranial Nerve I-Olfactory)
-complex: gets info and sends it to appropriate areas of the brain
-mainly sensory but also motor

Back 4

Thalamus

Front 5

Relays information to sensory and motor cortices of brain

Back 5

Thalamus

Front 6

What are the two Motor Relay Nuclei in the Thalamus?

Back 6

1. VA: Ventral Anterior Nucleus
2. VL: Ventral Lateral Nucleus

Front 7

motor directions from cortex out to other areas

Back 7

Motor Relay Nuclei

Front 8

Takes information that comes out of the cortex, modifies it, sends to the skeletal muscles

Back 8

VA: Ventral Anterior Nucleus
VL: Ventral Lateral Nucleus

Front 9

Nuclei receive information from the cortex and various pathways and the ______ directs the cortex again to modify it

Back 9

Thalamus

Front 10

What are the two Sensory Nuclei of the thalamus?

Back 10

Ventral Posterior nuclei
1. Ventral Posterior Medial
2. Ventral Posterior Lateral
-subnuclei, examples of sensory

Front 11

Associated with sensory HEARING

Back 11

Medial Geniculate Nucleus

Front 12

Assocaited with sensory VISION

Back 12

Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Front 13

What is the posterior nucleus of the thalamus called?

Back 13

Ventral Posterior Nuclei: VPM--SENSORY

-VPM
-VPL

Front 14

What is the anterior nucleus of the thalamus called?

Back 14

Motor Relay Nucleus
-VA
-VL

Front 15

sometimes considered a different lobe; deals with Visera functions (Abdominal pelvic cavity), deep lobe to the brain

Back 15

Insula

Front 16

Sudden, unintentional, meaningless motions, release phenomena--term for all movements

Back 16

Basal Ganglia Disorders

Front 17

Human movement: We are controlled by ______ because most of the muscles of the body are ______ allowing us to do that activity; very few are _______.

Back 17

Inhibition
Inhibited (many)
Excited (few)

Front 18

When _____ control is lost we have the signs of disease states

Back 18

Inhibitory

Front 19

What are the 4 disease of the Basal Ganglia?

Back 19

1. Parkinson's Disease
2. Choreas
3. Ballisms
4. Athetosis

Front 20

Limbs are difficult to move, shaking occurs, tremor (involuntary shaking)

Back 20

Parkinson's Disease

Front 21

small movements that appear graceful like (no purpose fot it), SMALL amplitude, slow motion with no intention behind it

involuntary, jerky movements, especially of the arms, legs, and face, and by incoordination.

Back 21

Choreas

Front 22

Amplitude is greater--arm might go through greater range of motion

twisting, shaking, and jerking motions.

Back 22

Ballisms

Front 23

Slow twisting motion to the hands or the arms, slow writhing movements

Back 23

Athetosis

Front 24

Damage to the ________ results in uncontrollable shaking (tremor), muscle rigidity (stiffness), and involuntary muscle movements

Back 24

Basal Ganglia

Front 25

Neurons that extend from the substantia nigra to the putamen and caudate nucleus degenerate, causing distruptions

Back 25

Parkinson's Disease

Front 26

In the _____ _____ of the BG there are neurons that liberate the ACh.

Back 26

Caudate nucleus

Front 27

The imbalance of neurotransmitter activity--too little ___ and too much ___ is thought to cause most of the symptoms for Parkinson's disease.

Back 27

Dopamine--too little
ACh--too much

Front 28

What is NOT part of the Limbic system?

Back 28

Anterior Commissure

Front 29

Set of fibers

Back 29

Stria and Tract

Front 30

Combination of nuclei and pathways that run through both hemi and incorporate other brain parts
-Corpus callosum is involved, conveying impulses
-Olfactory Bulb (Cranial I)

Back 30

Limbic system

Front 31

nerve action potential in cerebral cortex

Back 31

Brain waves

Front 32

absence of activity in 2 EEGs 24 hours apart

Back 32

Brain death

Front 33

Alpha EEG=

Back 33

Awake

Front 34

Beta EEG=

Back 34

Mental Activity

Front 35

Theta EEG=

Back 35

Emotional Stress

Front 36

Delta EEG=

Back 36

Deep sleep

Front 37

Affects posture, gait (walking, running, stepping); problems with intentional movements (things that you want to do, don't come out the way they should)

Back 37

Cerebellar Disorders: Ataxia

Front 38

Cannot accurately determine reaching distances

Not be able to gage distance very well; cannot pick up pencil (you go passed the object)

Back 38

Dysmetria

metria (think distance)

Front 39

Inability to do rapid reciprocating movements

ex. supranation, pronation--cannot be done as quickly

Back 39

Dysdiadochokinesia

-hint: kinesia (motion sickness)

Front 40

General muscle weakness over the body

Back 40

Asthenia

Front 41

intentional tremor of terminal tremor (shaking)

-reaching for pencil and the intention is to pick it up but the closer you get the more your body shakes

Back 41

Tremor

Front 42

movements of the eye
-the eye slowly moves from one side then goes to the center then repeat (drift then back to the center)

Back 42

Nystagmus

Front 43

the contraction inside the muscle becomes too tight, muscle is injuryed; when you contract the muscles, the contraction builds up and the muscle is shut off (cramping conditions)

Back 43

Depressive Tendon Reflex

Front 44

breaking down the movement into small segments so fluidity is lost; you look robotic

Back 44

Decomposition of movement

Front 45

Problem with speech, speech pattern is irregular in its tempo, words are choppy, non-congruent pattern (saying the right things in a torn up rhythm)

Back 45

Dysarthria

Front 46

Cannot stop an unexpected motion or release

Back 46

Lack of Check

Front 47

equilibrium test--balance test; swaying for no reason; if vision is gone and swaying occurs then there is a problem in one of the 3 senses involved in balance

Back 47

Romberg Test

Front 48

What are the 3 senses involved in balance?

Back 48

1. vision
2. proception (position of the body)
3. Distibuler (inner ear)

Front 49

Most inferior (lowest) portion of the brain, has ICP running through it

ICP= Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles: medulla to cerebellum

Back 49

Medulla

Front 50

Middle portion of the brain

Back 50

Pons

Front 51

These do not arise from portions of the brain stem, their nuclei arise from sensory structures which they are associated with

Back 51

Cranial Nerves I and II

Front 52

solely gives us SIGHT, picking up images of light rays from retina and transforming them to pictures, sensory owned photoreceptor

Back 52

Optic (II) nerve fibers

Front 53

nasal cavity, responds to motors, SENSORY only, chemoreceptors that are transported to portions of the brain; sense of smell creates the most long lasting memories

Back 53

Olfactory (I) nerve

Front 54

specialized set of fibers of olfactory nerve, possible separate pathway

Back 54

cranial nerve (0)

Front 55

Out of the entire 12 nerves in the brain.. ___ are mixed; ___ are sensory.

Back 55

10 are mixed
2 are sensory

Front 56

What is the saying to remember nerves 1-12?

Back 56

On old Olympus’s towering top, a fat vicious goat vandalized a hat.