Brain, Mind, Behavior 1

Front 1

axon

Back 1

conduct cell's output information

Front 2

multipolar

bipolar

unipolar

neuron

Back 2

many dendrites, one axon

single dendrite and single axon

single branch extending in two directions serving as both dendrite and axon

Front 3

axon terminal

Back 3

output zone

Front 4

dendrites

Back 4

input zone

where neurons receive information

Front 5

presynaptic membrane

Back 5

transmits information by releasing neurotransmitters

Front 6

postsynaptic membrane

Back 6

recieves information

Front 7

synaptic celft

Back 7

space between pre and postsynaptic membranes

Front 8

myelin sheath

Back 8

fatty insulation formed by glial cells that improves speed of neural impulses

Front 9

node of ranvier

Back 9

gap in between myelin where axon membrane is exposed

Front 10

primary glia cells

Back 10

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells

Front 11

astrocyte

Back 11

glia cell in between neurons

control blood flow, modulate neural activity

CNS

Front 12

oligodendrocyte

Back 12

glia cell

forms myelin in CNS

Front 13

Schwann cell

Back 13

glia cell

form myelin in PNS

Front 14

neuron

Back 14

transmit information

regulate cognitive, sensory, motor function

Front 15

glial cells

Back 15

astrocytes&oligodendrocytes(CNS), Schwann (PNS) modulate, support, and insulate neurons

Front 16

white

grey

matter

Back 16

myelinated nuerons and glia

unmyelinated

Front 17

central nervous system

Back 17

spinal cord and brain

Front 18

peripheral nervous system

Back 18

nerves that extend through body

autonomic: parasympathetic and sympathetic

Front 19

parasympathetic

Back 19

calms body

Front 20

sympathetic

Back 20

promotes emergency functions

Front 21

four lobes

Back 21

frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal

Front 22

frontal

Back 22

motor

Front 23

occipital

Back 23

visual

Front 24

parietal

Back 24

sensory

Front 25

temporal

Back 25

auditory

Front 26

basal ganglia

Back 26

movement, motivation/reward

Front 27

limbic system

Back 27

learning, memory, emotion

amygdala, hippocampus,cingulate gyrus, olfactory bulb,hypothalamus

Front 28

amygdala

Back 28

emotional regulation

Front 29

hippocampus and fornix

Back 29

learning and memory

Front 30

cingulate gyrus

Back 30

cognitive functions

Front 31

olfactory bulb

Back 31

sense of smell

Front 32

hypthalamus

Back 32

vital functions and pituitary gland: hormonal system

Front 33

thalamus

Back 33

directs all incoming sensory information

Front 34

meninges

Back 34

3 protective membranes for brain and spinal cord

dura, pia, arachnoid, CSF

Front 35

lateralization

Back 35

looking at hemispheres seperately

Front 36

CNS growth

Back 36

neural tube, hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Front 37

hindbrain

Back 37

will become cerebellum, pons, medulla

Front 38

midbrain

Back 38

brainstem

Front 39

forebrain

Back 39

telencephalon- cerebral hemispheres

diencephalon-thalamus and hypothalamus

Front 40

ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny

Back 40

we move through brain processes from conception to birth

Front 41

neurogenesis

Back 41

production of neurons from non-neural cells

Front 42

ventricular zone

Back 42

where cells start in neural tube

Front 43

stem cells

Back 43

undifferentiated cells that will differentiate in an appropriate way when placed in particular brain region

Front 44

cell differentiation

Back 44

enables cells to acquire the appearance and functions of neurons characteristic of that particular region

Front 45

radial glia

Back 45

only present during development, supports migrating neurons

Front 46

neurotrophic factors

Back 46

target derived chemicals that feed neurons to help them survive

neurons that receive enough survive

Front 47

apoptosis

Back 47

naturally occurring cell death

typically in development

Front 48

necrosis

Back 48

injury-induced death

trauma, infection, and disease

Front 49

neurogenesis

Back 49

mitotic division of non-neural cells to produce neurons

Front 50

cell migration

Back 50

mass movements of nerve cells to establish nerve cell populations

Front 51

cell differentiation

Back 51

refining of cells into types of neurons or glial

Front 52

synaptogenesis

Back 52

formation of synapses

Front 53

williams syndrome

Back 53

sub-type mental retardation,good language skills, spatial and visual deficits, cardiovascular problems, deletion of ch7

Front 54

down syndrome

Back 54

trisomy 21, mental retardation, impairment of cognitive ability,

Front 55

autism

Back 55

impairments in social interaction and communication, mirror neurons-- early problems can lead to disability, sensory, language, and social impairments

unknown cause

Front 56

mirror neurons

Back 56

important for imitation learning and understanding intentions and emotions of others

Front 57

dyslexia

Back 57

reading impairment, anoxia, low birth weight

Front 58

axon hillock

Back 58

cone shaped area on cell body from which the axon originates

Front 59

synaptic vesicles

Back 59

contain neurotransmitters

Front 60

ionotropic receptor

Back 60

protein receptor channel that opens directly when transmitter binds to it

Front 61

metabotropic receptor

Back 61

causes chain of chemical reactions and indirectly alters ion movement, slower

Front 62

ligand

receptor

Back 62

substance that binds - key

receptacle for binding- lock

Front 63

affinity

Back 63

how likely it is the ligand with bind to the receptor

Front 64

agonist

Back 64

receptor promoter, binds and activates receptor, or increases binding affinity or a receptor ligand)

Front 65

antagonist

Back 65

receptor inhibitor (binds and blocks receptor- competitive), binds elsewhere but prevents activation (noncompetitive), or decreases binding affinity of a receptor ligand

Front 66

re-uptake inhibitor

Back 66

inhibits presynaptic reuptake of ligand, leaving transmitter in synaptic cleft for prolonged receptor binding

Front 67

up/down regulation

Back 67

chronic use of drugs to block or stimulate receptors can cause brain to adjust by increasing or decreasing the number of receptors (homeostasis)

Front 68

neuromodulator

Back 68

stimulate/facilitate other transmitters (caffeine)