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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What provides the majority of the blood supply of the meninges in the head?
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Middle meningeal artery and vein
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What pathology is this vessel famous for? What layer is it in?
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epidural hemorrhage in a blow to the temple
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Show a pic of this vessel
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can you dissect the pia off?
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no, it's too close
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Show the secondary vesecles of development. Where do the optic cups come out of? How do you know?
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optic cups come out of the diencephalon, which is where the hypothalamus is
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Which of these vesicles will divide into two lateral halves and which will be very thin? How did you deduce this?
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halves- telencephalon to make lateral ventricles
thin- mesencephalon to make cerebral aqueduct |
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Show the lobes? Which one is really small?
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What do you see if you pry open the sylvian fissure? How do you remember from najeeb?
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the insula (like a secret lobe)
Najeeb showed this as a place that slow pain fibers go. It was in the groove that was the sylvian fissure. |
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Show a pic.
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What sensation goes here and what purpose does it serve according to dr. white?
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visceral sensations like taste come here and get processed into the limbic system for memory
(autonomic=visceral to link with najeeb) |
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Show a view of what the diencephalon looks like
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Where is the 3rd ventricle?
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in between the thalami, so not visible when the thalamus is.
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What was Dr. Najeeb wrong about in terms of location?
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The hypothalamus which is below (hypo), not anterior to the thalamus
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What is that little dot in the thalamus?
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the interthalamic adhesion
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Can you see the subthalamus?
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no, it is too tiny
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Where does the corpus callosum sit on top? Where does the cingulate gyrus sit on top?
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corpus callosum on top of the lateral ventricle
cingulate gyrus on top of the corpus callosum |
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Show where the cingulate gyrus is on a real brain.
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Show where the corpus callosum and lateral ventricle is.
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Sorry, I messed up the last pic. What is the bottom part of the "CC" that I mislabeled?
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the fornix
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What can you say about the orientation of the LV vs the CC?
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the frontal horn of the LV extends into the anterior part of the CC
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What is the uncus? Where is it?
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the tip of the temporal lobe on the medial view. (very tiny)
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What does the uncus help you find?
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the amygdala
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Is the primary visual cortex on the lateral and medial surface?
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no, just the medial
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What are the top and bottom parts of the visual cortex called?
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top- lingulate gyrus
bottom- cuneate gyrus |
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According to white, is CN 11 really a CN? Why is it called one?
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No, it is a misnamed spinal nerve that exits with CN 9 and 10 through the jugular foramen.
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Which are the pur motor nerves and where do they all exit and originate?
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3, 6, and 12
Originate dorsomedially and exit ventromedially |
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Which are the mixed nerves and where do they all exit and originate?
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5, 7, 9, and 10
exit ventrolaterally |
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What sits on top of the superior colliculi?
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Show what structures the uncus is lateral to.
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Describe the last pic.
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The uncus is so medial and low that it is right next to the midbrain and where CN 3 comes out.
The optic chiasm, mamillary bodies, and pituitary gland are very close by too. |
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Why is this pathologically significant in a tumor situation?
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If you have a lateral tumor pushing the uncus to the middle, you will compress CN3.
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What sign will you see outwardly from this compression?
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inability for ipsilateral eye to look medially
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Which arteries do the internal carotid vs the vertebral arteries come off of?
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IC- aorta on left, bracheocephalic on right
vertebral- subclavian on both sides |
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Show a pic of the vertebral arteries (red circle) and the IC's (brown)
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What are the striate arteries? What do they supply?
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a bunch of parralell arteries that supply the diencephalon and BG
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What do the striate arteries branch off of and at what portion?
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The three cerebral arteries befor they reach the cortex
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Name which striate arteries come off of each of the 3 CA's
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ACA- medial striate arteries
MCA- lenticulostriate arteries PCA- thalamo-perforating arteries |
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Show the arteries? Which are the only ones outside the circle of willis? Deduce?
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the lenticulostriate arteries which supply the internal capsule and lentiform which are more lateral structures
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Remember the spinal arteries? Show them in the SC crossection.
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What artery do the spinal arteries arise from? How do you deduce this?
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the vertebral arteries at the top of the medulla. This is pretty much the top of the spinal cord.
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Show how the spinal arteries branch off the vertebral arteries.
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What extra structures does the posterior and anterior spinal arteries supply respectively?
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anterior- ventral medulla
posterior- lateral medulla |
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Most lobes have ___ blood supplies. Which is the exception?
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most lobes are supplied by 2 cerebral arteries.
the exception is occipital which has one (but macula is MCA) |
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Show the course of the MCA (lateral surface)
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Show the course of the PCA and ACA (medial surface)
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Name these structures
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A- MCA
B- ACA C- Anterior Communicating Artery D- IC E- Superior cerebellar artery F- Basilar Artery G- PCA H- Posterior Communicating Artery |
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What is pathological in this pic and why does this show why the circle of willis is advantageous?
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The PCA is pale and infarcted. So the posterior Communicating Artery expanded and took over the blood supply to the bottom and back cortex areas. (not how big it is)
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Why is there watershed zones in the brain? What is necessary for a watershed?
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because you are supplying the brain with two different blood supplies that fuse together.
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What are the two pairs of blood vessels?
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internal carotid and vertebral
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What parts of the brain does each artery supply?
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carotid- anterior
vertebral- posterior |
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What openings does the vertebral artery pass through?
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C6-C1 transverse foramina
foramen magnum |
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What is the first anastamosis formed by the arteries?
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the circle of willis
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WHat shape is the circle of willis?
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a hexagon
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What cerebral arteries does each artery branch into?
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internal carotid- anterior cerebral artery, MCA
vertebral- PCA |
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Which one of the carotid branches looks like a continuation of it and supplies a lot of stuff and is larger?
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MCA
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Imagine and show the direction of the MCA and ACA braching from the carotid.
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Imagine and show the position of the vertebral, basilar, and PCA's.
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vertebral- go up the ventral medulla
basilar- midline of pons |
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PCA- split off posterolaterally at top of pons
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How many posterior communicating arteries are there? WHat do they connect?
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2 and they connect the PCA's with the internal carotids
THEY ARE THE ANASTOMOSIS |
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How many anterior communicating arteries are there? WHat do they connect?
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only a small one
it connects the two ACA |
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What is a very important and prominent artery coming off the vertebral?
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the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
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Show the PICA
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What arteries come off the bottom and top of the basilar artery?
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bottom- anterior inferior cerebellar artery
top- superior cerebellar artery |
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Where does the superior cerebellar vs the PCA branch off?
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they both branch off the top of the basilar artery in about the same direction
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Show these cerebellar arteries
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Which artery covers most of the bottom of the brain? Show it!
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Where do all these cerebral arteries lie in the meninges?
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underneath the arachnoid.
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Which CA supplies the primary visual cortex?
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PCA (it's main claim to fame)
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What does homunculus mean?
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little person
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Which CA supplies the trunk in sensory and motor homunculi?
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ACA
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Where is the trunk homunculi in the cortex?
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the most superior and medial part
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Show the trunk homunculi.
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Is the sensory homunculus at the same levels as the motor?
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yes
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What is the calcarine fissure and why is it geographically significant?
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a fissure in the occipital lobe significant b/c it has the primary visual cortex on either side of it.
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Show the PVC and the calcarine fissure
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