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11 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Investigative psychology

Establishing patterns of behaviour that occur across crime scenes (inerpersonal coherence). A statistical database is then developed, allowing for conclusions to be drawn and links to be made between different crimes

Smallest space analysis

Instrumental opportunistic: murder to obtain
Instrumental cognitive: murder is strategic
Expressive impulsive: murder is uncontrolled

Significant variables in investigative pscyhology

Time and place
Forensic awareness (suggests known offender)

Geographical profiling

Location of crime scenes used to make inferences about an offenders likely home and/or base. Works on the basis offenders will commit crimes in areas they're familiar with i.e work/home/school

Circle theory: The maruder

Operates close to their place of residence

Circle theory: The commuter

Operates away from place of residence

Evaluation of bottom-up: Usefulness of investigative psychology

YES- copson 75% said IP was useful
NO- Copson 3% said IP aided in catching the offender.
Copson and Heritage- used computers to find common characteristics in 66 sexual assault cases and found it to be highly accurate

Evaluation of bottom up: circle theory successful

NO- Canter and Larkin- 91% sexual assault offenders identified as marauders, therefore it's not overly useful.
YES- Able to be applied to multiple different types of crimes- unlike top down.

Evaluation of bottom up: geographical profiling successful

YES- Canter et al found spatial consistencies in the behaviour of killers, particularly marauders (attack within a certain range)
NO- Cannot distinguish between multiple similar offenders in one area

Evaluation of bottom up: scientific

YES- Objective, statistical techniques used.
NO- Only data previously collected can be used, therefore it doesn't help much with odd, unsolved crimes
Computer programming can have faults and incorrect inputs.

Extra evaluation points on OVERALL theory

Assists police in narrowing down on suspects
NO- Kocsis: found chemistry students to be more accurate in identifying a criminal than police using the bottom-up approach