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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Stomatolites
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Fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous and other microorganisms and trapped sediment
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Heterotrophs
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Cells that satisfy their energy requirements by consuming organic compounds produced by external sources
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Autotrophs
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Cells that make their own energy-rich molecules out of simple inorganic materials
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Biosphere
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The living world and its environment
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Respiration
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The process by which organisms break down carbon molecules by using oxygen
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Anaerobic
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An oxygenless process
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Aerobic
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A process involving oxygen
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Prokaryotic cells
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Simple cells that lacked a nuclear envelope and did not have genertic material organized into complex chromosomes
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Eukaryotic cells
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Cells with nuclear envelopes, complex chromosomes, and organelles surrounded by membranes
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Roots
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Anchor plant in ground an collect H20
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Stems
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Provide support for leaves; first of the three major organs to develop
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Leaves
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The primary photosynthetic organs
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Epidermis
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Outermost layer of cells
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Cuticle
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A waxy substance that retards water loss but also can block gas exchange
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Stomata (s) Stoma (pl)
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Pores with specialized guard cells, open and close as needed
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Annuals
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Plants with a life span of one year
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Perennials
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Longer-lived plants that may have stems covered in cork
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Cork
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Covers stems of some plants to prevent water loss
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Xylem
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Tube through which water is transported upward through a plant
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Phloem
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Tube through which nutrients are transported downward through a plant
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Vascular Plants
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Plants with a conducting system (xylem/phloem)
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Meristems
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Embryonic tissue regions that add cells to a plant; responsible for growth
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Apical Meristems
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Meristems at tips of all roots and shoots; involved with extension of plant body; responsible for primary growth
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Primary Growth
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Growth coming from apical meristems
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Secondary Growth
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Originates from two lateral meristems
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Lateral Meristems
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The vascular cambium and cork cambium; responsible for secondary growth
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Seed Plants
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Almost all common plants except ferns, mosses, and liverworts; embryo enclosed in seed coat
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Seed
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Contains embryo, stored food, and seed coat
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Biomes
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Natural communities of wide extent, characterized by distinctive, climatically controlled groups of plants and animals
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Ecosystem
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Communities as well as the non-living environment
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Botany
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The part of biology that deals with plants, by tradition, with prokaryotes, fungi, and algae
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Plant Physiology
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Study of how plants capture energy, transform it, grow, and develop
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Plant Morphology
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Study of the form of plants
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Plant Taxonomy
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Study of naming plants and the relationships between them
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Cytology
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Study of cell function, structure, and life histories
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Genetics
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Study of heredity and variation
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Genetic Engineering
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Study of the manipulation of genes to improce plant characteristics
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Molecular Biology
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Study of the structure and function of biological molecules
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Economic Botany
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Study of past, present, and future uses of plants
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Ethnobotany
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Study of the use of plants for medicinal and other purposes by indigenous peoples
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Paleobotany
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Study of biology and evolution of fossil plants
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Global Warming
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Trapping of heat raditating from Earth's surface out into space
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Phytoremediation
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To stimulate growth of plants, deter pests, control weeds in crops, form hybrid plants
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Transgenic Plant
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A plant that has had genes inserted to make a more desirable plant
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