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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Stomatolites
Fossilized microbial mats consisting of layers of filamentous and other microorganisms and trapped sediment
Heterotrophs
Cells that satisfy their energy requirements by consuming organic compounds produced by external sources
Autotrophs
Cells that make their own energy-rich molecules out of simple inorganic materials
Biosphere
The living world and its environment
Respiration
The process by which organisms break down carbon molecules by using oxygen
Anaerobic
An oxygenless process
Aerobic
A process involving oxygen
Prokaryotic cells
Simple cells that lacked a nuclear envelope and did not have genertic material organized into complex chromosomes
Eukaryotic cells
Cells with nuclear envelopes, complex chromosomes, and organelles surrounded by membranes
Roots
Anchor plant in ground an collect H20
Stems
Provide support for leaves; first of the three major organs to develop
Leaves
The primary photosynthetic organs
Epidermis
Outermost layer of cells
Cuticle
A waxy substance that retards water loss but also can block gas exchange
Stomata (s) Stoma (pl)
Pores with specialized guard cells, open and close as needed
Annuals
Plants with a life span of one year
Perennials
Longer-lived plants that may have stems covered in cork
Cork
Covers stems of some plants to prevent water loss
Xylem
Tube through which water is transported upward through a plant
Phloem
Tube through which nutrients are transported downward through a plant
Vascular Plants
Plants with a conducting system (xylem/phloem)
Meristems
Embryonic tissue regions that add cells to a plant; responsible for growth
Apical Meristems
Meristems at tips of all roots and shoots; involved with extension of plant body; responsible for primary growth
Primary Growth
Growth coming from apical meristems
Secondary Growth
Originates from two lateral meristems
Lateral Meristems
The vascular cambium and cork cambium; responsible for secondary growth
Seed Plants
Almost all common plants except ferns, mosses, and liverworts; embryo enclosed in seed coat
Seed
Contains embryo, stored food, and seed coat
Biomes
Natural communities of wide extent, characterized by distinctive, climatically controlled groups of plants and animals
Ecosystem
Communities as well as the non-living environment
Botany
The part of biology that deals with plants, by tradition, with prokaryotes, fungi, and algae
Plant Physiology
Study of how plants capture energy, transform it, grow, and develop
Plant Morphology
Study of the form of plants
Plant Taxonomy
Study of naming plants and the relationships between them
Cytology
Study of cell function, structure, and life histories
Genetics
Study of heredity and variation
Genetic Engineering
Study of the manipulation of genes to improce plant characteristics
Molecular Biology
Study of the structure and function of biological molecules
Economic Botany
Study of past, present, and future uses of plants
Ethnobotany
Study of the use of plants for medicinal and other purposes by indigenous peoples
Paleobotany
Study of biology and evolution of fossil plants
Global Warming
Trapping of heat raditating from Earth's surface out into space
Phytoremediation
To stimulate growth of plants, deter pests, control weeds in crops, form hybrid plants
Transgenic Plant
A plant that has had genes inserted to make a more desirable plant