Bontrager Chapter 11 Exam

Front 1

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the floor of the cranium?
A. Temporal
B. Ethmoid
C. Occipital
D. Sphenoid

Back 1

Occipital

Front 2

Which aspect of the frontal bone is thin-walled and forms the forehead?
A. Orbital
B. Horizontal
C. Squamous
D. Superciliary margin

Back 2

Squamous

Front 3

The widest part of the skull is found at the:
A. Parietal protuberances
B. Temporal bones
C. Mastoid tips
D. Inion

Back 3

Parietal protuberances

Front 4

What is the thickest and densest structure in the cranium?
A. Occipital bone
B. Petrosus
C. Crista galli
D. Sphenoid

Back 4

Petrosus

Front 5

Another name for the pituitary gland is:
A. Hypophyseal gland
B. Hypothalamus
C. Hypophysis
D. Hypocampus

Back 5

Hypophysis

Front 6

The shallow depression just posterior to the base of the dorsum sellae and anterir to the foramen magnum is called the:

Back 6

Clivus

Front 7

What is the name of the paired collections of bone found inferior to the cribiform plate and contain numerous air cells and helps form the lateral walls of the nasal cavity?

Back 7

Lateral labrynth or masses

Front 8

What is the formal term for the left sphenoid fontanel in the adult?

Back 8

Pterion

Front 9

What is the name of the cranial suture formed by the inferior junction of the parietals to the temporal bones?

Back 9

Lamboidal

Front 10

What are two terms for the small, irregular bones found in the adult skull sutures?

Back 10

Wormian bones
Sutural bones

Front 11

In what bone is the ptergoid hamulus found?

Back 11

Sphenoid

Front 12

Which cranial bone is the anterior clinoid processes located in?

Back 12

Sphenoid

Front 13

Which cranial bone is the glabella located on?

Back 13

Frontal

Front 14

Which cranial bone is the foramen ovale located on?

Back 14

Sphenoid

Front 15

Which cranial bone is the perpendicular plate located on?

Back 15

Ethmoid

Front 16

Which cranial bone is the zygomatic process located on?

Back 16

Temporal

Front 17

Which cranial bone is the lateral condylar portions located on?

Back 17

Occipital

Front 18

Which cranial bone is the superciliary arch located on?

Back 18

Frontal

Front 19

Which one of the following skull classifications applies to a skull with an angle of 54 degrees between the midsagittal plane and the long axis of the pars petrosa?
A. Mesocephalic
B. Dolichocephalic
C. Brachycephalic

Back 19

Brachycephalic

Front 20

What skull morphology is considered 'average'?

Back 20

Mesocephalic

Front 21

Reid's line is an older term for:

Back 21

IOML

Front 22

Which landmark corresponds to the highest level of the petrous ridge?

Back 22

TEA

Front 23

How much of a difference in degrees is there between the OML and IOML?

Back 23

7 - 8 degrees

Front 24

Which of the following positioning errors frequently results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?

Back 24

Rotation

Front 25

Condition that begins with bony destruction followed by bony repair:

Back 25

Paget's disease

Front 26

Destructive lesion with irregular margins:

Back 26

Osteolytic lesion

Front 27

Fracture evident by sphenoid sinus effusion:

Back 27

Basal skull fracture

Front 28

Fracture of the skull with jagged or irregular lucent line which lies at a right angle to the axis of the bone:

Back 28

Linear fracture

Front 29

Tangential view may be helpful to determine extent or degree of this fracture:

Back 29

Depressed fracture

Front 30

Which of the following pathologic indications may require a DECREASE in manual exposure factors?
A. Pituitary adenoma
B. Linear skull fracture
C. Paget's disease
D. Multiple myeloma

Back 30

Multiple Myeloma

Front 31

Which imaging modality may be used to examine a possible cranial bleed caused by a trauma?

Back 31

CT

Front 32

Which imaging modality provides an excellent distinction between normal and abnormal brain tissue?

Back 32

NM

Front 33

Which aspect of the temporal bone is considered to be thinnest?

Back 33

Squamous

Front 34

Which aspect of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and balance?

Back 34

Petrous

Front 35

Which middle ear bone is considered to be most lateral?

Back 35

Malleus

Front 36

Which structure helps equalize atmospheric pressure in the middle ear?

Back 36

Eustachian tube

Front 37

What passes through the internal acoustic meatus?

Back 37

Auditory nerve
Blood vessels

Front 38

The aditus is an opening between the _______ and the _____ portion of the temporal bone.

Back 38

Epitympanic recess
Mastoid

Front 39

An infection of the mastoid air cells, if untreated, can lead to a serious infection of the brain called:

Back 39

Encephalitis

Front 40

Which auditory ossicle attaches to the oval window?

Back 40

Stapes

Front 41

The internal ear is divided into the osseous or bony labyrinth and the ______ labyrinth.

Back 41

Mebranous

Front 42

List the three divisions of the bony labyrinth of the inner ear:

Back 42

Cochlea
Vestibule
Semi-circular canals</p>

Front 43

A benign, cystlike mass of the middle ear is a:

Back 43

Cholestatoma

Front 44

Which two projections of the cranium project the dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum?

Back 44

AP axial
PA axial

Front 45

What CR angle is used for the AP axial projection (Towne) for skull with the IOML perpendicular to the IR?

Back 45

37 degrees caudad

Front 46

(T/F)
Otosclerosis is a hereditary disease.

Back 46

True

Front 47

What is the CR angle for the AP axial projection with a perpendicular OML?

Back 47

30 degrees caudad

Front 48

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

Back 48

2" superior to the EAM

Front 49

To prevent tilting of the skull for the lateral projection of the cranium, the _______ line is placed perpendicular to the image receptor.

Back 49

Interpupillary

Front 50

Where should the petrous ridges be located (on the image) for a well positioned, 25 degree caudad PA axial (Haas) projecton?

Back 50

Superior to the mastoid processes and symmetrical

Front 51

Where is the CR centered for an SMV projection of the skull?

Back 51

1.5" inferior to the mandibular symphysis, midway between the gonions

Front 52

How much is the CR angled to the IOML for an AP axial projection of the sella turcica when the posterior clinoid processes are of primary interest?

Back 52

37 degrees caudad

Front 53

How much is the CR angled to the IOML for an AP axial projection when the anterior clinoid processes are of primary interest?

Back 53

30 degrees caudad

Front 54

Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial projection for the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected just above rather than into the foramen magnum. What must be modified during the repeat exposure to correct this problem?

Back 54

Increase CR angle approx. 7 degrees caudad

Front 55

Situation:
A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the greater wings of sphenoid are not superimposed. What type of positioning error present on this radiograph?

Back 55

Rotation

Front 56

situation:
A radiograph of a 15 degree caudad PA axial projection of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the supraorbital margin. Without changing the CR angle, how must the head position be modified during the repeat exposure to produce a more acceptable image?

Back 56

Increase extension of the skull to place the OML perpendicular to the IR

Front 57

Situation:
A pt with a possible basilar skull fracture enters the ER. The physician want to demonstrate a sphenoid sinus effusion. Which projection of the cranium would be best for this situation?

Back 57

Horizontal beam lateral skull projection with a 15 degree cephalad angle to the OML

Front 58

Situation:
A pt comes to radiology for a skull series . Because of the size of the pts shoulders, he is unable to flex his neck suffciently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection. His head cannot be raised because of possible cervical trauma. What other options does the tech have to obtain an acceptable AP axial projection?

Back 58

Use the IOML instead of the OML and increase CR angle an additional 7 degrees caudad for a total of 37 degrees

Front 59

Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne) projectopm fpr cranium reveals that the anterior arch of C1 is projected within the foramen magnum. What modification is needed to correct this error present on the initial radiograph?

Back 59

Decrease CR angle based on the skull line used
(OML-30 degrees, IOML-37 degrees)

Front 60

Situation:
A radiograph of a lateral skull demonstrates that the orbital plates (roof) of the frontal bone are not superimposed. What is the positioning error present on this radiograph?

Back 60

Tilt

Front 61

Situation:
A radiograph of an AP axial (Towne) for cranium reveals that the left petrous portion of the temporal bone is wider than the right. What is the specific positioning error present on this radiograph?

Back 61

Rotation of the skull to the patient's right

Front 62

Situation:
A radiograph of a SMV projection of the cranium demonstrates that the mandibular condyles are projected into the petrous portion (pyramids) of the temporal bone. How must the positon be altered during the repeat exposure to correct this error?

Back 62

Extend the skull further to place the IOML parallel to the IR

Front 63

Situation:
A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst in the squamous portion of the frontal bone. Which projection would best demonstrate this structure?

Back 63

PA axial with no CR angulation

Front 64

Situation:
A patient comes to radiology for a study of the sella turcica. What routines would best demonstrate this structure?

Back 64

AP axial
Lateral

Front 65

Which skull projection results in the highest thyroid dose?

Back 65

SMV

Front 66

What structure in the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

Back 66

Cochlea

Front 67

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the sella turcica?

Back 67

3/4" anterior and superior to EAM

Front 68

Situation:
A patient comes with a clinical history of pituitary adenoma. Which projections best demonstrate erosion of the dorsum sella?

Back 68

AP-axial Towne method

Front 69

What bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

Back 69

Ethmoid

Front 70

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in what type of bone?

Back 70

Alveolar

Front 71

What is the only paranasal sinus NOT contained within a cranial bone?

Back 71

Maxillary sinus

Front 72

The 'antrum of Highmore' is an old term for the:

Back 72

Maxillary sinuses

Front 73

Where are the ethmoid sinuses located within the ethmoid bone?

Back 73

Lateral masses

Front 74

Which sinuses develop last and are not fully formed until the teenage years?

Back 74

Ethmoid

Front 75

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Water's) projection?

Back 75

37 degrees