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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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These bones originate within sheetlike layers of connective tissues
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Intramembranous Ossification
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They are the broad, flat bones
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Intramembranous Ossification
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Intramembranous Ossification are:
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1.Flat bones of the skull
2.clavicles 3.sternum 4..some facial bones |
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_______are bone forming cells
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Osteoblasts
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Parts of the skeletal system begin to develop during the first few weeks of prenatal development
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Parts of the skeletal system begin to develop during the first few weeks of prenatal development
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Bones replace existing connective tissue in one of two ways:
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As Intramembranous bones
OR As Endochondral Bones |
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Bones begin as hyaline cartilage
Form models for future bones |
Endrochondral Ossification
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These are most bones of the skeleton
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Endochondral Ossification
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-Closest to the end of epiphysis
- Resting cells -Anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis |
Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)
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-Closest to the end of epiphysis
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Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)
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- Resting cells
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Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)
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-Anchors epiphyseal plate to epiphysis
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Zone of resting cartilage (1st layer of cells)
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-Many rows of young cells
- Undergoing mitosis |
Zone of proliferating cartilage (2nd layer of cells)
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-Many rows of young cells
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Zone of proliferating cartilage (2nd layer of cells)
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- Undergoing mitosis
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Zone of proliferating cartilage (2nd layer of cells)
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-Older cells
-Left behind when new cells appear -Cells enlarging and becoming calcified |
Zone of hypertrophic cartilage (3rd layer of cells)
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-Older cells
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Zone of hypertophic Cartilage ( 3rd layer if cells )
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-Left behind when new cells appear
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Zone of hypertophic cartilage ( 3rd layer of cells )
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-Cells enlarging and becoming calcified
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Zone of hypertophic Cartilage ( 3rd layer of cells )
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-Thin
- Dead cells -Calcified extracellular matrix |
Zone of calcified cartilage (4th layer of cells)
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Homeostasis of bone tissue
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Bone remodeling occurs throughout life
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action of osteoclasts
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Bone Resorption
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Bone Deposition
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action of osteoblasts
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Bone Resorption
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action of osteoclasts
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action of osteoblasts
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Bone Deposition
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____percent of skeleton is replaced each year
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10% - 20%
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– retards bone development
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Deficiency of Vitamin A
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– results in fragile bones
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Deficiency of Vitamin C
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– rickets, osteomalacia
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Deficiency of Vitamin D
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Insufficient Growth Hormone
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– dwarfism
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Excessive Growth Hormone
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– gigantism, acromegaly
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Insufficient Thyroid Hormone
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– delays bone growth
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promote bone formation; stimulate ossification of epiphyseal plates
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Sex Hormones
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– stimulates bone growth
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Physical Stress
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