Bone, Bone Development

Front 1

Classification of bone by shape: What are the types?

Back 1

Flat (ie., scapula, cranium)
Long (ie., femur)

Front 2

What is diploe?

Back 2

refers to the spongy bone structure (or tissue) of the internal part of short, irregular, and flat bones. MIDDLE of spongy bone.

Front 3

Classification of bone by <b>mechanism of formation</b>: What are the types?

Back 3

Intramembranous: mesenchymal CT differentiates into bone.

Endochondral: Cartilage is replaced by bone

Front 4

Classification of bone by <b>age</b>: What are the types?

Back 4

1) Immature/woven: matrix is irregular, cellular, low mineral content. It's the bone that's laid down first, after a fracture or in fetus

2) Mature/lamellar: Matrix arranged in layers, may be spongy or compact

Front 5

Classification of bone by <b>macroscopic texture</b>: What are the types?

Back 5

1) Compact: closely packed osteons or haversian systems

2) Spongy/cancellous/trabecular: like spider webs, shaft starts to penetrate into inner structure. Spicules (spine-like structures) of bone with spaces between. plates (trabeculae) and bars of bone adjacent to small, irregular cavities that contain red bone marrow. The canaliculi connect to the adjacent cavities, instead of a central haversian canal, to receive their blood supply.

Front 6

Cartilage can grow via ____________ or _____________ growth, whereas bone ONLY uses ___________ growth.

Back 6

appositional or interstitial; appositional

Front 7

In what type of marrow does hematopoeisis occur?

Back 7

Red

Front 8

What is the Periosteum?

Back 8

membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones

Front 9

What type of marrow is filled with adipose CT?

Back 9

yellow

Front 10

What division of bone is compact outside but has a marrow cavity inside?

Back 10

Diaphysis

Front 11

What division of bone is compact outside but spongy inside?

Back 11

Epiphysis

Front 12

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Back 12

The area of cartilage that gets replaced by bone as the person grows (endochondral formation)

Front 13

What is the endosteum?

Back 13

The inside lining of bone. No fibrous layer associated. Single layer of osteoblasts. Hyaline cartilage. No perichondrium.

Front 14

How does blood supply form in bone?

Back 14

Vessels of periosteum become entrapped as bone is being laid down and become vessels within canals of mature bone

Front 15

What are the inorganic components of bone?

Back 15

calcium phosphate

Front 16

What are the organic components of bone?

Back 16

osteoid: Fibers, ground substance. Made by osteoblasts

Front 17

In what type of preparation will you see the lamellae and laculae?

Back 17

Ground preparation - no organic substance.

Front 18

What cells lie on the surface of bone and produce ECM?

Back 18

osteoblasts

Front 19

Where are osteoblasts located?

Back 19

periosteum and endosteum

Front 20

What are mature bone cells that lie surrounded in bone (with a lacunae around them?)

Back 20

Osteocytes

Front 21

What are Howship's lacunae?

Back 21

depressions formed by the resorption of bone by osteoclasts

Front 22

From what cell lineage are osteoclasts?

Back 22

monocytes

Front 23

What is the order the osteoclasts resorbs bone?

Back 23

Reverse order from which it was laid down. Inorganic first, then organic

Front 24

What is the term for what osteocyte processes sit in?

Back 24

Canaliculi

Front 25

what tunnels convey blood vessels between osteons?

Back 25

Volkmann's canals

Front 26

Growth in the width of the diaphysis occurs because of deposition where?

Back 26

Endo and periosteum (inner and outer bony surfaces)

Front 27

what is the central cavity of the osteon?

Back 27

Haversian canal

Front 28

What's in the Haversian canal?

Back 28

Loose CT and at least one blood vessel

Front 29

Rounded osteocyte lacunae and absence of lamellae are indicative of what type of bone?

Back 29

Woven

Front 30

What canals can be ID'd be their perpendicular orientation and lack of lamellae?

Back 30

Volkmanns

Front 31

Mature osteons will appear _________ (bigger or smaller) than immature osteons.

Back 31

Smaller. The concentric lamellae have formed around the blood vessel

Front 32

What are remnants of osteons called after a resorption canal incompletely erodes them?

Back 32

Interstitial lamellae

Front 33

What happens in intramembranous bone formation?

Back 33

mesenchymal CT differentiates into bone.

Front 34

What happens in endochondral bone formation?

Back 34

First a hyaline cartilage template of bone forms. Then chondrocytes hypertrophy and produce alkaline phosphatase, which attracts Ca2+. Because they're encased in substance that cannot be supplied by diffusion, they now die.

Front 35

What is the epiphyseal plate?

Back 35

A band of hyaline cartilage composed of a series of zones demonstrating various stages of regression of the chondrocytes. First they proliferate, then hypertrophy, then get surrounded by Ca matrix, then die.

Front 36

In order for a long bone to grow yet maintain its shape, what part must undergo resorption?

Back 36

Metaphysis