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61 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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4 types of tissues |
Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue |
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Epithelial Tissue functions |
Covers body & organ surfaces, line body cavities, form glands. -Protection -absorption -excretion - secretion -diffusion -filtration |
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Connective Tissue |
Binds, support & protect body parts; stores energy & minerals |
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Muscle Tissue |
Along with bones, move the body |
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Nervous Tissue |
Initiates & transmitsnerve impulses that coordinate body activities |
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Epithelium properties & functions |
• Avascular • has nerve supply • Regenerate easily (high turn over) • Protect from chemical damage/ bacteria invasions • Absorption,esp in GI, kidney tubules • Secrets(glands) • Filter |
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Layers of the epithelium |
Stratified, pseudostratified , simple |
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Cell shapes of epithelial tissues |
Squamous • Cuboidal • Columnar |
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Simple Squamous properties |
• Provide a friction-reducing lining for membranes of body cavities (lung, heart, abdomen) • Allow exchange of gases/nutrients/waste • E.g. Alveoli of lung, capillaries, lymph vessels |
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Simple Cuboidal properties |
• Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei • Function in secretion and absorption • E.g. Glands (ducts and secretory portions), kidney tubules |
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Types of Simple Columnar cells |
Ciliated & Non- ciliated |
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Function of simple columnar cells |
-Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei near basal surface -Absorption and secretion -Ciliated – e.g. Fallopian tubes Non-ciliated – GI (with microvilli), ducts ofglands |
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Stratified Squamous types |
Keratinized and non keratinized |
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Function of stratified squamous |
Can withstand mechanical stresses,protect tissues from mechanical and chemical damage; in areas of body subjected to constant abrasion |
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keratinized Stratified squamous function |
e.g.Skin–keratin provides tough waterproof protective layer (barrier to infection if intact) |
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Non-keratinized Stratified squamous example |
e.g mucosal lining of mouth, oesophagus, anus, vagina |
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Pseudostratified columnar structure |
Single layer of cells with different heights; nuclei are seen at different levels. All cells attached to basement membrane |
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Pseudostratified columnar function and location |
Secretion (Goblet cells) and propulsion of mucus (cilia) E.g. Respiratory system – nose, trachea, bronchi |
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Transitional epithelium structure |
Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome-shaped |
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Transitional epithelium function |
Stretches to permit the distension E.g Lining the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra |
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Connective Tissue components (3) |
1- Cells 2- Ground substance 3- Fibres |
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Connective tissues cells |
Fibroblasts Macrophage Mesenchymal cells Melanocyte Mast cells Lymphocytes |
FM4L |
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Ground substances |
Water Glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins |
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Fibres type |
Collagen , reticular , elastic |
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FM4L functions |
§ Fibroblasts – Production & Maintenance. § Macrophage – Defence. § Mesenchymal cells – Repair (Can differentiate) § Melanocyte – Colour. § Mast cells – Response to injury. § Lymphocytes – Defence |
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Connective tissues function |
• Structural Support • Additional function § Storage (eg, calcium, lipid) – Bone/SCT § Transport – Blood § Repair and defence § Thermoregulation |
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Classification of connective tissues |
Connective tissue : - CT proper - Fluid CT -Supporting CT |
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CT proper types: |
-Loose CT (areolar, adipose, reticular) -Dense reg CT -Dense irreg CT |
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Fluid CT types |
Blood and lymph |
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Supporting CT types |
Bones , cartilage |
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Loose Aereolar CT property |
Loose packing material of most organs and tissues • Contains collagen, reticular, elasticfibers and variety of cells • E.g. skin |
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Adipose CT property |
Large number of fat cells • Acts as cushions and thermal insulator • E.g. skin |
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Reticular CT property |
Contains reticular fibres (network), forms the structural frame work of the organ • E.g. Liver, spleen, lymph node |
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Dense regular CT property |
Highly fibrous, predominately collagen In tissue which needs greater elasticity,content high in elastic fibres• Fibres arranged as parallel bundles • Eg: Tendons, elastic artery |
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Dense Irregular Connective Tissue property |
• Fibres are not arranged in any order • Important for tissues subjected to stressesfrom many directions • Eg. Dermis of skin |
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Supporting connecting tissue type |
Cartilage , bones |
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Fluid connective tissues type |
Blood and lymph |
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What is fascia? |
Layers of connective tissue which support and surround organs |
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Fascia layers |
Superficial fascia (hypodermis) Deep fascia Subserous fascia |
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What type of tissue is in superficial fascia? |
loose CT, ie areolar and adipose tissue |
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What type of tissue in deep fascia? |
dense irregular CT |
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What type of tissue is in subserous fascia? |
Loose CT |
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Muscle tissue function |
specialised for contraction |
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Types of muscle tissue + list of voluntary or involuntary |
Cardiac muscle - involuntary Smooth muscle - involuntary Skeletal muscle - voluntary |
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What is the muscle cell cytoplasm? |
Sarcoplasm |
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What is the muscle cell membrane? |
Sarcolemma |
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Nuclei in muscle cells |
Skeletal - multiple peripheral Cardiac - single central Smooth - single central |
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Muscle cells & Striated or no |
Smooth - no Cardiac - yes Skeletal - yes |
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Myofibrils in muscle cells |
Skeletal - parallel arrangement Smooth- random crisscross pattern Cardiac- interconnected w intercalated disc |
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Function of skeletal muscle |
Attach to bones for movement of joints • Maintain posture, stabilise joints • Voluntary control • Generate heat |
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Smooth muscle function |
• Found in the walls of hollow organs of GI, Reproductive tract, Blood vessels etc.. • No voluntary control - inherent rhythmicity + (controlled by autonomic innervation) |
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Cardiac muscle function |
Found in the heart, Muscle fibers function as a single unit (discs for rapid transmission of impulse across cells) • Impulse generated by pace-maker cells• Involuntary control |
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Nervous system parts |
• Brain & Spinal Cord (CNS) • Peripheral Nerves (PNS) |
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Nervous tissue function |
Control body function & activities |
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Nervous tissue parts and functions |
Neurons – transmit electricalimpulses Glia & other supporting cells – homeostatic regulation of neuronal environment; repair and defence against infection |
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What stains acidic structures? + examples of them |
Hematoxylin ((nucleic acids, nuclei, rER) |
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What stains basic structures + examples of them |
Eosin ( proteins, membranes) |
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What does cytoplasm consist of |
cytosol – solution of proteins, electrolytes and carbohydrates organelles – functional compartments |
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What’s a tight junction |
impermeable junction which encircles the cell |
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Desmosome |
anchoring junction scattered along the sides of cells |
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Gap junction |
a protein channel which allows chemical substances to pass between cells |
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