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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Superior/inferior |
These terms refer to placement of a structure along the long axis of the body. Superior structures always appear above other structures, and inferior structures are always below other structures. |
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Anterior/posterior |
In humans the most anterior structures are those that are most forward--the face, chest, and abdomen. Posterior structures are those toward the backside of the body. |
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Medial/lateral |
The sternum (breastbone) is medial to the ribs; the ear is lateral to the nose. |
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Cephalad (cranial)/caudal |
In humans these terms are used interchangeably with superior and inferior, but in four-legged animals they are synonymous with anterior and posterior; respectively. |
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Dorsal/ventral |
These terms are used chiefly in discussing the comparative anatomy of animals, assuming the animal is standing. |
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Proximal/distal |
These terms are used primarily to locate various areas of the body limbs. |
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Superficial (external)/deep (internal) |
These terms locate body organs according to their relative closeness to the body surface. |
