Bocock Uworld 1.2

Front 1

The primary abnormality seen in Paget's Disease?

Back 1

osteoclastic bone resorption

Front 2

What microscopic finding is found in Paget's Disease of the bone?

Back 2

cement lines

Front 3

How could a metastatic tumor of the CNS present?

Back 3

seizures

Front 4

The three most common types of cancers that are metastatic to the brain?

Back 4

(1) Lung CA
(2) Breast CA
(3) Melanoma

Front 5

Type of cancer that is a malignancy of melanocytes?

Back 5

melanoma

Front 6

Melanocytes are derived from what cell types embryologically?

Back 6

neural crest cells

Front 7

Melanoma commonly metastasizes to what areas of the body?

Back 7

-brain
-GI tract
-Bone
-liver
-lungs

Front 8

Three clinical signs of phenylketonuria-PKU?

Back 8

mental retardation, eczema, and a mousy...musty body odor in a toddler

Front 9

PKU is inherited in what fashion?

Back 9

autosomal recessive

Front 10

Autosomal recessive disease caused by a mutation that leads to deficient phenylalanine hydroxylase?

Back 10

phenyketonuria

Front 11

What enzyme is deficient in PKU?

Back 11

phenylalanine hydroxylase

Front 12

Genotype of parents if their offspring has an autosomal recessive condition like PKU?

Back 12

heterozygous carriers

Front 13

Probability that heterozygous carrier parents will transmit an autosomal recessive disease to their offspring?

Back 13

1/2 * 1/2 = 1/4

Front 14

This parameter respresents the extent of variance from the mean?

Back 14

standard deviation

Front 15

68% of observations lie within how many standard deviations from the mean?

Back 15

one standard deviation

Front 16

What % of observations lie within two standard deviations of the mean?

Back 16

95%

Front 17

99.7% of observations lie within how many standard deviations of the mean?

Back 17

3 standard deviations

Front 18

This ligament of the knee can be damaged by anterior motion of the tibia with respect to the femur?

Back 18

anterior cruciate ligament

Front 19

These giant cells make up the casseating granulomas seen in the lung during M. Tuberculosis infections?

Back 19

Langhans giant cells

Front 20

What type of cell makes up Langhans giant cells seen in tuberculosis infections?

Back 20

macrophages

Front 21

These t lymphocytes stimulate macrophages allowing them to kill intracellular M. Tuberculosis organisms?

Back 21

CD4+ t lymphocytes

Front 22

Common acid fast bacilli that deposits in the lungs?

Back 22

M. tuberculosis

Front 23

Type of immune cell that causes the death of virally infected cells?

Back 23

CD 8+ t lymphocyte

Front 24

Name of apical lung tumors?

Back 24

Pancoast tumors

Front 25

How does Horner's syndrome present?

Back 25

triad of ipsilateral.... miosis, ptosis, and anhidrosis

Front 26

Pancoast tumors (apical lung tumors) can cause what types of sxs through local invasion?

Back 26

Horner syndrome, SVC syndrome, arm weakness, arm parathesias, and hoarseness

Front 27

Most common pituitary tumor?

Back 27

prolactinoma

Front 28

Clinical symptom seen when pituitary tumors are within the hypophysial fossa?

Back 28

bitemporal hemianopsia

Front 29

What is anosmia?

Back 29

loss in the sense of smell

Front 30

How do pancoast tumors cause Horner's Syndrome?

Back 30

the tumor invades the paravertebral sympathetic chain

Front 31

What is the diagnosis when symptoms of schizophrenia are present for 1-6 months?

Back 31

schizophreniform disorder

Front 32

Diagnosis when psychotic sxs last for less than 1 month?

Back 32

brief psychotic disorder

Front 33

Diagnosis when psychotic sxs last 1-6 months?

Back 33

schizophreniform disorder

Front 34

Diagnosis when psychotic sxs last more than 6 months?

Back 34

schizophrenia

Front 35

Hormone that causes linear bone growth by stimulating the production of IGF-1 from the liver?

Back 35

growth hormone

Front 36

Factor that causes bone growth by stimulating the proliferation of cartilage in bone cells?

Back 36

IGF-1 from the liver

Front 37

Diagnosis of excess hormone production in a kid before puberty when the epiphyseal plates fuse?

Back 37

gigantism

Front 38

This type of IGF-1 DOES NOT contribute to a person's linear bone growth?

Back 38

IGF-1 from the hypothalamus

Front 39

This hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone?

Back 39

somatostatin

Front 40

This hormone stimulates the release of growth hormone?

Back 40

GHrH

Front 41

What are the secondary pathways involved in growth hormone signaling?

Back 41

JAK-STAT pathway

Front 42

A result of defective growth hormone receptors that leads to a DECREASE in linear bone growth?

Back 42

Laron dwarfism

Front 43

What do GH and IGF-1 levels look like in Laron dwarfism?

Back 43

high serum GH levels...with low IGF-1 levels

Front 44

When does the mitral valve open during the cardiac cycle?

Back 44

when the pressure in the left atrium is GREATER than the pressure in the left ventricle

Front 45

What produces the first heart sound-S1?

Back 45

closing of the mitral valve and the opening of the aortic valve

Front 46

What produces the second heart sound-S2?

Back 46

closing of the aortic valve and opening of the mitral valve

Front 47

This valve condition produces an opening snap in EARLY diastole shortly after the second heart sound-S2?

Back 47

mitral stenosis

Front 48

Name the common CYP 450 INDUCERS?

Back 48

carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, griseofulvin

Front 49

Name the common CYP 450 INHIBITORS?

Back 49

cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, azole anitfungals, grapefruit juice, isoniazid, ritonavir

Front 50

How would penicillin V potentiate the anti-coagulant effects of warfarin?

Back 50

oral penicillin V would reduce intestinal bacteria which would reduce vitamin K synthesis

Front 51

Medications that have the potential to DECREASE warfarin's anti-coagulant effects?

Back 51

cyp 450 inducers

Front 52

What types of g proteins become active when you stiimulate alpha 1, alpha 2, beta1, and beta 2 receptors?

Back 52

qiss

Front 53

What type of muscle does not require extracellular calcium to cause contraction?

Back 53

skeletal muscle

Front 54

Calcium binds to this instead of troponin in smooth muscle cells?

Back 54

calmodulin

Front 55

What type of muscle does not use troponin for muscle contraction?

Back 55

smooth muscle

Front 56

norepinephrine acts on what adrenoreceptors?

Back 56

alpha 1, alpha 2, and Beta 1

Front 57

Describe diptheria toxin?

Back 57

AB exotoxin that ribosylates elongation factor 2 (EF2) and prevents protein translation

Front 58

Fungus with v-shaped branching septate hyphae?

Back 58

aspergillus fumigatus

Front 59

Treatment fo invasive aspergillosis?

Back 59

amphotericin B

Front 60

Fungus that causes meningitis and lung infections in AIDS patients?

Back 60

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 61

Oval budding yeast with a thick caspsule?

Back 61

cryptococcus

Front 62

Dimorphic fungi that can exist in the body as yeast and therefore show no hyphae on biopsy?

Back 62

blastomyces, histoplasma, and coccidiodes

Front 63

Neutropenic patients with CML are at risk for infection by this fungus?

Back 63

aspergillus fumigatus

Front 64

Formula for standard gibbs free energy change?

Back 64

delta G =-RTlnKeq

Front 65

If gibbs free energy is NEGATIVE...what is the value of Keq?

Back 65

GREATER than 1

Front 66

If gibbs energy is POSITIVE...what is the value of Keq?

Back 66

LESS than 1

Front 67

Antiprogestin agent used to terminate early pregnancy?

Back 67

mifepristone

Front 68

Hormone necessary for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy?

Back 68

progesterone

Front 69

Progesterone antagonist used to terminate pregnancy?

Back 69

mifepristone

Front 70

Drug of choice for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia?

Back 70

carbamazepine

Front 71

Pain described as "a knife stabbing my face"

Back 71

trigeminal neuralgia

Front 72

Needed for glutamate residue carboxylation?

Back 72

vitamin K